Busisiwe Mgangxela

Ndazalelwa eMonti, eMzantsi Afrika ngonyaka ka 1961. Abazali bam bobabini basuka kweliphondo laseMpuma Koloni. Umama usuka kwilali ekuthiwa kuseMtyholo ngaphaya nje kwaseQonce, aze utata yena abe yinzalelwane yaseMonti. Emva kokutshata bafudukela kwilali ekuthiwa yiPeelton. Bobabini ngamazibulo kubazali babo, ze ke mna ndibelizibulo labo.

Umama yayinguMonikazi owaqeqeshwa kwisibhedlele iMount Coke kodwa usweleka esebenza kwisibhedlele iCecelia Makiwane esebenza apho njengoMongikazi ophezulu. Utata yena wayengenabugcisa obuvela ekufundeni, wayetshintsha-tshintsha imisebenzi ingakumbi kwinkampani zabucala: ikhona eyebhasi, ikhona neyeloli ezihamba imigama emide njalo-njalo. Bobabini abazali bam sele basweleka.

Ndanyanzeleka ukuba ndikhathalele abanye.

Njengezibulo kwikhaya elinamakhwenkwe amabini namantombi amabini, ndanyanzeleka ukuba ndikhathelele abantakwethu. Sikhula kwikhaya elalizixabisile kakhulu. Sakhuliswa sifundiswa ukuba sihambe iCawe, kugxininiswa ukubaluleka kwekhaya, ngaphandle kwesizalo sikamama notata koko siquke zonke izizalwane zethu.

Zonke izalamane zam zaya esikolweni. Lo undilandelayo, uMpendulo ufunde wayokutsho kuMetriki. Ngoku usebenza njengegosa lolawulo kwivenkile yezokwakha, Owesithathu yena, uNomfuneko wayeyititshalakazi kodwa wasweleka ngo-2005. Igqibelo lona, umntakwethu uWandisile ligqwetha, Wafunda kwiyunivesithi yase-Fort Hare, kwaye usebenzela uRhulumente. Ndamsa esikolweni, ndabhatalela izifundo zakhe zaseyunivesithi ngoba umama wasweleka esekwibanga lesithoba (grade nine).

Umama wasikhulisa kakuhle kakhulu. Wayeyititshalakazi yesikolo seCawe, nto leyo eyayisenza ukuba iimini zonke zangeCawe sizichithele eCaweni. Ndandikucaphukela ukuya eCaweni ngoba sasichitha imini yonke apho. Kodwa ngoku ndiyasibona isizathu salonkuliso ngoba ngoku ndinganyamezela nantoni na. Ndomelele ngoku ngenxa yalongqeqesho.

Umhlaba endakhulela kuwo

Ndisakhumbula imisebenzi yasekhaya esasiyenza sisakhula, enjengokolusa umhlambi weenkomo zikatata neegusha zikamama, ngoba bobabini abazali bam yayingamafama. Utata yayingumfama wombona noxa wayesebenzela abanye abantu nje, wayedla ngokuthatha ikhefu emsebenzini azokulima amasimi akhe, elima umbona neembotyi.

Umhlaba endakhulela kuwo ndisengumntwana ngumhlaba utata awawufumana ngamaxesha okukhutshwa ngesinyanzeliso nguRhulumente wocalucalulo^[2]. Ngalomaxesha okukhutshwa kwabantu ngesinyanzeliso, umhlaba ochumileyo wawuthengiswa, uTatomkhulu wam owayengusomashishini wakwazi ukuwuthenga loomhlaba. UTatomkhulu wavela wadikwa bubom baselokishini wafudukela kumhlaba awawuthenga ePeelton, eshiya umzi wakhe waseMonti kutata nabantakwabo. Kuthe ke xa kukhutshwa abantu ngenkani utata nabantakwabo bakhutshwa eMonti basiwa eMdantsane.

Umama, kuba enguMongikazi wayeshumayela ukutya okusempilweni, ke ngoko salima imifuno esitiyeni sasekhaya. Ngaphambili phaya ebomini bam, ndandikucaphukela ukusebenza esitiyeni ngoba ndandikuthatha njengento yesinyanzeliso. Thina singabantwana phambi kokuba siye esikolweni ekuseni, sasinkceknceshela izityalo, nangengqele yasebusika kungoko ndandingawuthandi konke konke umsebenzi wasesitiyeni. Ebusika wawungena esitiyeni emveni koko uphume izandla nenyawo ziqothole^[3] kukugodola. Ndisengumntwana ndandiyibona yonke lento iyinkohlakalo.

Kodwa ngoku sendikhulile, umdla wam wokuzikhulisela ukutya undigcina ndisesitiyeni ngawo onke amaxesha. Zange kufuneke siye ezivenkileni siyokuthenga imifuno, sasivele sizikhele esitiyeni, ndiqinisekile ukuba sesona sizathu eso esindenza ukuba ndikuthande kangaka ukulima.

Ndisemncinci

Ngonyaka ka1976 abazali bam bohlukana, utata wayokuhlala kwenye indawo ngenxa yaloyantlukwano. Ndaba yintloko yekhaya ukusweleka kukamama ngo1985 ngoba sasihlala nomama kuphela. Ngexesha lokusweleka kukama ndandisaqeqeshelwa ukuba nguMongikazi. Ndandikunyaka wam wesithathu, ngethamsanqa sasisamkela umvuzwana noko. UMama wayengumongikazi, ke ngoko sazuza kwimali zakhe zomhlala-phantsi. Owona mngeni ekuswelekeni kuka mama yayingeyo mali, sasingalambi: yayikukunyanzeleka kokuba ndibengumzali ebantwaneni basekhaya. Ukunyanzeleka kokuba ndikhathalele abantwana basekhaya bobathathu, ukuquka nokubasa esikolweni, kwandenza ukuba ndibe ngumntu omdala ngesaquphe.

Phambi kokuba ndibe nabantwana bam, ndandisele ndingumzali ngenxa yokukhuliswa abantakwethu. Kwakungekho lula ngoba abantakwethu babengaziphathi ngalendlela babeziphethe ngayo umama esaphila. Babengandoyiki, futhi bengandihloniphi nje ngendlela ebabehlonipha ngayo umama. Babesazi ukuba ndingudade wabo; babesazi ukuba andingomzali wabo. Noxa kunjalo kwakumele ukuba ndiyidlale indima yam yokuba ngumzali ngoba kwakumele ukuba ndibafundise futhi ndikhathalele ikhaya lethu. Ngexesha ndiba nabantwana bam ndandise ndivile zingxaki zokuba ngumzali.

Ndandingafuni kuba nabantwana baninzi

Ngo2007 ndadibana nomyeni wam, uPeter, ikroti lendoda. Ndandisebenza umsebenzi womcebisi ngokudla okusempilweni ezikolweni, naye wayesenza lo msebenzi mnye. Ndatshatwa nguPeter kodwa ndisasebenzisa ifani yasekhaya nangoku. Zange nditshintshe ifani yam ibe yeyakulomyeni wam. Ndizithatha njenge-nina elilwela inkululeko yamanina, i-“feminist” ngokwasemzini.

Ndandicinga ukuba ndizakuba nomntwana omnye kuba, njengokuba usazi, njengezibulo kwikhaya elinabantwana abathathu nokukhulela kwikhaya elingqingqwa, qho ucela into, impendulo inye ”ndinabanye abantwana nabo bafuna ukuba nalonto’’. Ndisakhula ndandizisola nyhani ngokuba nabantakwethu ngoba ndandicinga ukuba bebengekho, ndandizakufumana konke endandikufuna. Ngesosizathu ndanndingafuni ukuba nabantwana abaninzi. Kungoko kwandithatha ixesha elide phambi kokuba ndibe nomntwana wesibini, endibe naye emva kweminyaka esibhozo emva kwezibulo.

Ndinabantwana abangamantombi ababini. Ndaba nowokuqala ndineminyaka engama27, iminyaka yobudala apha abantu abangamaXhosa baye baqalise ukuba namaxhala wakungabi namntwana. Owokuqala wazalwa ngo1988. Igama lakhe nguAkhulule Sizibule. Usebenza eKapa apho angumhlalutyi weenkukacha zobuchwepheshe bee-“computer”. Unomntana oneminyaka emihlanu, okuphela komzukulwana wam, ogama lingu-Alu. Ndimthanda kakhulu u-Alu.

Umntwana wam wesibini nguChumile Zizo, yintandane yam. UChumile wazalwa ngo1996. Ekubeni nomtwana wam wesibini ndagqiba ekubeni ndimthiye ukuba nguChumile ngoba lithetha ukuthi ‘’Ubuninzi bamantombazana’’. Ndimthanda kakhulu, umncinci ungubani ke unmtu wakhona. Ugqiba kufumana isidanga ngo2017 apho ebesenza izifundo kwi”pyshology nezopolotiko’’.

Umyeni wam unabantwana abathathu kumfazi wakhe wokuqala. Ngabantu abadala ngoku abazisebenzelayo. Oonyana bakhe ababini basebenza eRhawutini. Owesithathu usebenza apha apha eMonti kwimisebenzi kakhuRhulumente apho akha izindlu nezinto ezinjalo.

Ukwakha ooMongikazi bangomso

Ekuqaleni ndaqeqeshelwa ukuba nguMongikazi osebenza yonke imisebenzi jikelele. Ndaqala ngo1982 ndifunda iDiploma kwi-“General Nursing”, ndayigqiba kweyoMdumba (ngoFebruary) 1985. Inyanga nje emveni koko ndabhalisela iDiploma yonyaka njengoMbelekisi (“Midwifery”) apho ndathwalisa isidanga ngo1987. Emva koko, kwangalomnyaka umnye ndahamba ndayokusebenza eMthatha njengoMongikazi, apho ndafika ndaqhubekeka ukufunda. Ngo1995 ndisasebenza eMthatha^[4] njalo ndafumana isidanga kwisigaba se-“Honours” njengoMongikazi oyingcaphephe kule mihlaba: amathambo, ukufundiswa noqeqesho looMongikazi, kunye nolawulo lwenkubo yokonga izigulane.

Phakathi konyaka ka1990 nonyaka ka1996 okanye kobobuthuba, kwabakho umtyangampo wofuduko lobugcisa eMzantsi Afrika owawusingise eUnited Kingdom. Ngeloxesha iranti (eyingqekembe yemali) yaseMzansi Afrika yaba buthathaka kwaye nemeko yezoqoqosho yayingentlanga ngendlela engummangaliso. Ngenxa yemfuneko enkulu yabasebenzi abanezakhono kwezempilo e-U.S, eU.K, e Australia nakumanye amazwe, icandelo lezempilo eMzantsi Afrika lachaneka kakhulu. Tyhiniphi, kwakungathi bonke abonginkazi eMzantsi Afrika bayemnka bayokusebenza kula mazwe.

Ngo1997 ndaqala ukusebenza njengomqeqeshi waBongikazi, ndifundisa abafundi-bongikazi eMthatha, ndawenza lo msebenzi de yangunyaka ka2003. Endaweni yokuba nguMongikazi mna, ndandixoza abongikazi bengomso. Kodwa, ndakujonga inqanaba laBongikazi esasibaqeqesha, lalingekho mgangathweni kwaphela. Ndandiziva ngathi babengenzi bulungisa ngokuqeqesha abantu ababengenamdla kwizigulane, ababebhalisela ekubeni ngaBongikazi nje ukuze bafumane umvuzo.

Phakathi kokudinwa nokuziva ngathi andenzi mahluko ezimpilweni zabantu nakukuphazanyiswa kukubukela ukwehla komgangatho wezempilo eMzantsi Afrika, ndathi ‘’Okay, mandihambe apha’’. Ngonyaka ka2003 ndaya eSaudi Arabia, ndasebenza apho kwicandelo lotyando iminyaka emibini.

Ndisesemazweni kwagula udadethu. Wagula kangangeminyaka emibini, ngoku ndiseSaudi Arabia, ngo2005 wasweleka. Kwakufuneka ndigodukile ndizokungcwaba udadethu, ingakumbi ngoba ndandingoyena mntu umdala ekhaya.

Ndisenotshiseko ngezempilo entle

Ndayigqiba ikontraki yam ndabuyela eMzantsi Afrika ngo2005, kodwa ndandingasafuni kubuyela ekubeni nguMongikazi. Ndibe nguMongikazi iminyaka eli-14 kwaye iimeko ezibhedlele zaziqhubeka ukwehla eMzantsi Afrika. Ngenxa yabongikazi abaninzi abashiya eli ngeminyaka yo1990, kwanqongophala izakhono nenani labongikazi. Abongikazi abashiyekayo basala besebenza kwiimeko ezinzima, nto leyo ethobe umgangatho wokukhathalela izigulana kunangaphambili.

Ndandingakulungelanga ukubuyela eMzantsi Afrika ndibe nguMongikazi kwakhona, kodwa ndandisenotshiseko lwempilo entle. Ngeli xesha ndabuyela eBhayi, apho ndandishiye khona abantwana bam nesizalwane ukuya kwam eSaudi Arabia. Ndenze umsebenzi woba ngumcebisi apho iminyaka embalwa.

Kuba ndandinguMongikazi onentshiseko ngempilo yabantwana nokutya kakuhle, ndikholelwa ekubeni uthintelo lungcono kunonyango, kungoko ekuyekeni kwam ububongikazi, ndangena ekulimeni ndathatha isigqibo sokulandela ulimo lwendalo, ngoba ngalondlela ndingakwazi ukuqhubeka ngobizo lwam noba ndingaqeshwanga nguRhulumente njengoMongikazi.

Ngoku ndivelisa ukutya okusempilweni nokunesondlo kubantu ukuze ndikwazi ukuqhubeka ndishumayela le mfundiso inye endandiyifundisa abafundi bam: yokuba impilo yomntu inegalelo elikhulu kumgangatho wempilo yakhe, kungoko sidinga ukuba sigcine abantu besempilweni.

Ngamaxesha amaninzi ndidibana nabo yayingabafundi bam ngaphambili, kumakhasi omoya bendibuza ukuba ndenzani, xa ndisithi, ‘’Ulimo”, bandibuza ukuba kutheni ndayeka umsebenzi wokuba nguMongikazi. Impendulo yam inye ngamaxesha onke. Ndibaxelela ukuba andiwuyekanga umsebenzi wokonga. Ndisebenzela ukukhusela impilo yabantu ngokuveza ukutya okusempilweni okuveliswe ngokwendalo. Ndikhathalela umhlaba ukuze umhlaba ukhathalele izityalo ukuze izityalo zikhathalele thina. Ngalendlela sihlala sisempilweni kungabikho nto isisa ezibhedlele.

Siqale kanjani ukulima

Umyeni wam unomhlaba awawushiyelwa ngutata wakhe, sathatha isigqibo sokuba sifudukele kulolali siqale ukulima. Siqale kanjalo ke ukulima. Ngumhlaba ongange hekthare ezimbini ngobukhulu, kwaye amaphepha alomhlaba asemagameni katatazala wam.

Ngo2011 sathenga itrekthala neskhoji saqala salima. Kodwa saqesha abantu ngoba sasisahlala eBhayi ngeloxesha. Sasiqesha abantu ukuba bagade iintsimi, nehagu zethu kuba singekho pha. Ngo2013 sathatha isigqibo sokuba umyeni wam afuduke ukuze abekufutshane nolimo loxa ndandiseseBhayi. Ndicinga ukuba ndigoduka ngezithuba zo2014 ukuzoba sisigxina apha. Phakathi kuka2011 no2014 sasilima ngamaxesha athile.

Sasisazi ukuba nokuba uRhulemente akasinikanga iifama esazicelayo njengengxenye yesicelo sobuyekezo-mhlaba, sinawo lo umhlatyana esingakwazi ukuthi ngowethu. Noxa abantu abaninzi abahlala ezilalini befumana umhlaba kwinkosi, lo mhlaba womyeni wam wona awukho njalo, ubhaliswe ngegama lomntu omnye. Andazi ukuba utatazala wam walifumana njani iphepha-mvume lobunikazi balomhlaba, kodwa kuyandonwabisa ukwazi ukuba umhlaba uyafumaneka kwaye siyakwazi ukuwusebenzisa. Akekho umntu ongaxelela umyeni wam nto ngalomhlaba ngoba ngokatata wakhe. Ingazizizalwane zomyeni wam ezingasinqanda ekusebenzeni kulomhlaba nto leyo ingalindelekanga.

Singaphila umnqweno wethu wokuba ngabalimi abapheleleyo

Kukho inkqubo karhulumente yokwabiwa komhlaba. Ukuba umlimi ufuna umhlaba, ukhangela umhlaba othengiswayo, afake isicelo kwisebe lobuyiso-mhlaba. Isebe lobuyiso-mhlaba lizakuphonononga loomhlaba nexabiso. Ukuba wena siqu awufikeleli ixabiso lalomhlaba uRhulumente uyakwazi ukuwuthenga akuqeshisele wona. Safaka isicelo ngo2014, salandela izigaba ezahlukileyo zovavanyo eziquka udliwano-ndlebe, nokuthi thaca iinkcukacha zoko ufuna ukukwenza ngomhlaba.

Kutshanje sifumene iindaba zokuba ngamafama mane aseleyo kuluhlu lwabo kuza kuchongwa kubo ukuba bade bafumana ifama. Ngoku singabanikazi abazingcayo bee-hekthare ezingama-48 yefama esiyinikwe lisebe lobuyekezo-mhlaba.

Le fama iseCambridge eMonti. Ngoku siyakwazi ukuphila umnqweno wethu wokuba ngabalimi abapheleleyo. Yiminyaka emininzi singakwazi ukuqhuba iphulo lethu lokufuya iihagu kuba singenamhlaba woneleyo wokukhulisa ukutya kokondla ezohagu.

Lo nto ithetha ukuthi sizakulishiya elikhaya sifudukele eMonti. Ndicinga ukunikeza lo mhlaba kumfundi ofundela ulimo lwendalo eFort Hare. Kodwa noba awuyi kumfundi, uzakuya kumntu onentshiseko ngokulima ukutya ngendlela yendalo.

Ndifumana isiphumo endisifunayo

Ngokuya ndandinguMongikazi, ndandingoneli xa izinto zingahambi ngendlela yam. Unabantu abaninzi abangaphezu kwakho abalindele ukuba wenze into abayithandayo. Ndiyakonwabela ukulima ngoba ndiyakwazi ukwenza nantoni na endiyifunayo, nanini na ndifuna, nangendlela endiyifuna ngayo.

Njengomongikazi ndandisamnkela imali eninzi, kwahlukile ngoku ndikwezolimo. Kukho amaxesha apho ndincamayo ndingazifumani ezinye izinto endiziqhelileyo. Sendayeka ukuya esalon - ukuyokwenza amazipho ezandla okanye awenyawo ngoba azinamsebenzi ezo zinto. Ndizakwenza ntoni ngamazipho ahonjisiweyo ndisesitiyeni ndilima okanye ndibambana neminyiki ndiyifuyela ukwenza izichumisi^[5]. Nokuba ke andinamvuzo kululutho ukuba ndibe ngumlimi.

Naxa ndingafumananga ngeniso nanzuzo ngempela-nyanga, ndifumana ulonwabo xa ndingena esitiyeni ndibone umsebenzi wam. Uba utyale imbewu wayinkcenkceshela izakumila ibe sisithole. Uba uyayondla, izakukhula, ungayibukela iba yilento ufuna ibe yiyo.

Akufani nangokuya ndandifundisa abafundi: ndandivele ndithathe isifundiso kwisilabhasi, ulungiselele isifundo, ubabonise izinto ekumele bazenze xa besonga izigulane kumagumbi onyango. Kodwa, abafundi awunokwazi ukubenza ukuba bafunde. Ukuba kukho into abangafuni kuyenza, abafuni kuyenza ke qwaba, nokuba wenze imigudu ngamanye amaxesha awuzifumani iziphumo ozifunayo.

Kodwa ngoku xa ndithe ndenza ndifumana iziphumo endizifunayo, lo nto indenza umntu owonwabileyo kakhulu. Yinkululeko endiyifumanayo - ukuvuka ekuseni ndisazi ukuba lo nto ndizakube ndiyenza ndizakube ndiyenzela mna. Ukuba ayiphumeleli, andizokukhomba komnye umntu ngaphandle kwam.

Ndandiwuva umahluko

Ndagqiba ukuba ulimo lwendalo yinto endifuna ukujolisa amandla am onke kuyo. Akukho mathandabuzo engqondweni yam okuba sinokutya okusempilweni, okwaneleyo, izifo ezininzi zinganthintelwa.

Elona xabiso likhulu ekukwazini ukuvelisa ukutya kwam ngendalo. kukuba sitya kwayona lemifuno, ithi leyo iseleyo siyithengise. Sifumana inzuzo kwakulemifuno siyityayo, siphinde sikwazi ukuhoya indalo.

Kubalulekile kum ukwazi apho ukutya kwam kuvela khona, ngoba ngoku kukho ungcoliseko kwezi ziveliswa ngokuguqulwa kwentsobi nendalo yazo, ezinegalelo elikhulu ekuguliseni abantu. Kungoko kubalulekile kum ukuba ndizikhulisele ukutya kwam. Kulelali ndihlala kuyo, ndikhuthaza abantu ukuba balandele ekhondweni, kangangokuba sibacele ukuba bazibandakanye nemibutho esebenzela ulimo lwendalo, esebenza ngokonga imbewu nezinto ezinjalo.

Njengokuba benditshilo ngaphambili, ikhaya lam liyawahlonipha amasiko ekhaya. UMakhulu wam kwicala likatata wayelima imifuno kwaye babesebenzisa umgquba. Utata wayelima umbona ontsobi yawo iveliswe ngokwendalo^[6], futhi esebenzisa umgquba ukuchumisa umhlaba. Wayegcina imbewu kwimveliso yakhe ukuze ayisebenzise kwixa elizayo lokulima wayengayithengi imbewu.

Ukuqala kwam ukusebenza ndisengumntu omtsha, ndandithenga imifuno ezivenkileni kwaye ndandiwuva umahluko. Kwakungekho ncasa ekutyeni, ndikhumbula ndicinga, ‘’Oku kutya akuvakali njengokutya kukaMakhulu okanye imifuno kamama”. Ndaqonda ukuba ikhona into engalunganga. Ngoku, njengomntu owayesebenza ngezempilo, ndiye ndazibonela ukuba babesebenzisa iikhemikali kukutya esikuthengayo ezevenkileni. Ndenze uphando lwam ndafumanisa ukuba kukho iikhemikali ezinje nge-glisofeyti ezibangela umhlaza zikwabulala umhlaba nendalo.

Umhlaba wawundibiza

Ngoku ndandiseMthatha, ndandihlala eziflethini, ndandidla ngokuva ekuhlaleni bethetha ngokufudumala kwelizwe. Ngeloxesha ndandihlala eziflethini ndandinomnqweno wokulima kodwa ndandingenamhlaba. Kwakukho abantu kwalapha eziflethini ababendicebisa ngendlela ezahlukileyo zokukhulisa ukutya ungenamhlaba. Njengokuthatha ibhafu endala uyigcwalise ngomhlaba uyibeke evurandeni ukwazi ukukhulisa izinto ezinje ngespinatshi nebhitrut.

Umnqweno wokukhulisa ukutya wongezeka kum emva kokubona eli linge laseMthatha nasemva kokukhumbula ukuba kwakunjani ukulima ukutya ndisakhula. Umhlaba wawundibiza kancinci kancinci. Ekugqibeleni ndide ndaqala ukulima, ndandikhangela izinto ezininzi kuGoogle, ndafumanisa ukuba kukho abantu kwalapha elalini abayinxalenye yombutho wabucala ongajonganga nzuzo, obizwa ngokuba yiZingisa Educational Project^[7].

Ngo2015 emva kokuba yinxalenye yeZingisa, abantu babendixelela ukuba ndifike ekhaya pha, ngoba babethetha ngolimo lwendalo. Babethetha ngokuthintela utshintsho lwemo yezulu, nendlela zokulima ngexesha lembalela: ukulima izityalo ezahlukileyo endaweni yesityalo esinye, ukutshintsha-tshintsha izityalo, ukugquma izityalo ngamahlamvu abolayo nokonga amanzi. Zonke ezi zinto ndandiziva kakuhle zingena kum kwaye ndandinemincili.

Kungelilixa kanye apho ndifuna izinto ezinje ngokonga amanzi emvula nokusebenzisa amanzi amdaka^[8]. Ukusebezisa amanzi amdaka yenye indlela yokonga amanzi apho mhlawumbi ubuhlamba imifuno okanye iziqhamo uphinde usebenzise lo manzi ukunkcenkceshela izityalo.

Ndaphinda ndafumanisa ukuba bane baneziswenye zokugcina imbewu^[9], ndangena nakwelo iphulo ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Kulimo lwendalo, njengenkqubo yokulima, sikhuthaza abantu ukuba balondoloze imbewu yabo. Xa ulimile awusivuni sonke isivuno sakho. Ezinye uyazishiya ukwazi ukuba nembewu. Apha elalini kukho abantu abakuhoye kakhulu ukonga imbewu, abo sibabiza ngokuba ‘’ngamaqhawe embewu’’. Kuluchulumanco kum ukuzibiza iqhawe lembewu.

Ingcambu zam kulimo lwendalo zasisiya zimiliseleka nzulu

Ndafumana uqeqesho lwentsuku ezintlanu kulimo lwendalo, ngoncedo lombutho waseKapa iZingisa eyayinxalenye yayo obizwa ngokuba yiTrust for Community Outreach and Education. Le yinkqubo eyandiqhagamishelanisa nezinto ooMakhulu bam nabazali bam ababezenza. Ndiqaphele ukuba ulwazi lomthomnyama olalulandelwa ngooMkhulu, iziswenye zembewu izichumisi zendalo, zonke zazilulimo lwendalo.

Ngenye imini ngo2016, ndandimamele, Umhlobo Wenene, esisikhululo sikazwelonke, apho kwakuthethwa ngolimo kwaye abaphulaphuli babengenelela befaka amagalelo ngokutsalelo isikhululo esia. Kwabo kwakukho inenekazi elalithetha nge ‘’Blue Death’’, isitshabalalisi awayesisebenzisa kwizityalo zakhe. Emva kwakhe ndatsalela isikhululo ndangena ndachaza ubungozi bokusebenzisa izitshabalalisi.

Ukusukela ngoko ndakha ubuhlobo nenkqubo yesisikhululo. Babede banditsalele ukuze ndibanike ingcebiso yolimo lwendalo kwenkqubo. Ngoku, ingcambu zam zazisiya zisiba nzulu kwaye ndandinomdla wokwabelana ngolwazi .

Kumbutho iZingisa ndikwazile ukunxibelelana namaziko ngamaziko asebenza ngolimo lwendalo aquka iRhodes University, University of Fort Hare, Fort Fox Agriculture College nezinye. Sinawo maziko oqeqesho lolimo asebenzisana ne-Fort Hare ne-Rhodes University. Oku kuxhaswa yi Water Research Commission ngokwezimali ephinde ixhase imisebenzi yeRhodes neFort Hare University. Le nwebu yonxibelelwano lwamaziko ngamazikho iyaphila kuba idibana kanye emva kwenyanga ezintathu yaye iquka nalemibutho engajonganga nzuzo yabucala ebendithetha ngayo – efana neZingisa neekholeji zolimo.

Ulonwabo esitiyeni

Ukusebenza ngomhlaba kufuna umntu ozimiseleyo ukusebenza yaye ngumsebenzi onzima, ukwafuna uthando, nentlonipho yomhlaba kwakunye nomonde. Nangoku abantwana bam basathi: “Mama kutheni ungabuyeli emsebenzini?’’ ngoba bayabona indlela endisebenza nzima ngayo esitiyeni.

Ukuba ndiye esitiyeni ekuseni phambi kokuba nditye, ngamaxesha amaninzi ndiphelela ndingatyanga ilanga lonke ngoba andifuni kuphazanyiswa xa ndilapho. Andifuni nesisu sam sindiphazamise ngokufunana nokutya. Ndisebenza esitiyeni usuku lonke, abantu baselalini bathanda ukukhwaza xa bedlula, ‘’Phuma apho esitiyeni, eli langa linobungozi’’, ndiphendule ndithi, ‘’Jonga indaba zakho’’. Ndifumana ulonwabo nyhani esitiyeni sam. Ndifumanisa ukuba ndonwaba kakhulu xa ndisebenza ngomhlaba. Ngamanye amaxesha ndikhulula nezihlangu ndihambe ngeenyawo ngoba ndifuna ukuwuva umhlaba ubamba inyawo zam

Andisabethelwa nangu do

Umhlaba ngumama kum. Umhlaba yinto yonke kum. Ukuba uthetha ngomhlaba, uthetha ngokutya. Uthetha ngamanzi. Uthetha ngezimbiwa. Ukuba uthetha ngomhlaba, uthetha ngenkululeko. Ukuba uthetha ngomhlaba uthetha ngobutyebi.

Ukuba unomhlaba unento yonke. Ukuba unomhlaba, uba neliso eliwela lidlule kwimiqobo yethutyana yendalo efana nembalela. Awubambeleli kwimiqobo ezizikhubekisi xa unomhlaba. Ufuna ukuwusebenzisela ukuzonelisa.

Intombi yam encinci, uChumile, akafuni ukuya esitiyeni ayokusebenza, kodwa okumangalisayo xa sifuna ukuthenga ukutya uthi ‘’kufuneka sithenge ukutya kwendalo.’’ Uyakuqonda okwenzakalayo noxa engafuni kwanto inokwenza nolimo Xa ndithetha ngayo akabi namdla. Kodwa xa kuthethwa ngokutya, xa kuthethwa ngamachiza, xa kuthethwa ngolusu lwakhe ufuna ukusebenzisa iimveliso zendalo kuphela. Andibethelwa nangu do, ngoba ndiyazi ukuba ekuhambeni kwexesha uzakubuya ngoba nam ndandinje.

Asifuni zikhemikali emhlabeni wethu

Ezilalini, sisiqhelo ukuba xa abantu bekhulisa ukutya kwabo, bangasebenzisi zichumisi zazikhemikali. Ufumanisa ukuba naxa uRhulumente enenkqubo apho anika abantu izichumisi zekhemikali neembewu eziguqulwe intsobi yazo, abantu ezilalini abavumi ukuzithatha ngokuba besazi ukuba zizakonakalisa umhlaba wabo neentsimi zabo

Kwilali yam akukho mntu ugcina imbewu ayiphiwa nguRhulumente. Andazi ukuba abantu balelali baxelelwa ngubani ngobungozi bezichumisi nembewu eguqulwe intsobi. Kwakukho igosa lezoolimo^[10] elalikhuthaza inkqubo yokutyala isityalo esinye qha qwaba yaye lalizama ukukhuthaza izichumisi zeekhemikhali. URhulumente wayephisa ngembewu, ngezichumisi nezitshabalalisi ezenziwe ngekhamikali, abahlali belali bathi ‘’hayi asizifuni iikhemikali emhlabeni wethu siyazi ukuba zinobungozi’’

Ndiyazi ukuba abaqeqeshi eZingisa bakhuthaza ulimo lwendalo kodwa omnye ummi wale lali wahlaba umkhosi ngobungozi bokuthatha imbewu yoshishino nezichumisi zekhemikali kwisebe lezolimo, lo mntu wayengelilo nelungu leZingisa. Sisizalwane somyeni wam futhi ngelinye ixesha ukhe asiboleke umhlatyana wakhe ukuze silime umbona ukondla iihagu zethu. Wasiyala ukuba akafuni zikhemikali kulontsimi. Andazi ukuba yena nabanye abantu balumkiswa ngubani. Kodwa bamile ekubeni makusetyenziswe umgquba okanye izichumisi zendalo. Amalungu alelali asebenzisa umgquba wenkomo okanye owenkukhu kwaye balima ngalandlela yakudala, ngalandlela yabantu. Ngoko ke ayiyonto intsha xa iZingisa neNtinga Ntaba kaNdoda^[11] bethetha ngolimo lwendalo.

Masixolise kwindalo

Eyona nto ihlamlisa umxhelo kubemi balelali zimfundiso ngotshintsho lwemo yezulu namaqondo obushushu anyukayo elizwe, nto leyo bayibonayo kodwa bangazi igama layo. Bayabona ukuba izinto ziguqukile ngoba amaxesha okulima awasafani, nobusika nehlobo azizizo ezazinto zazizizo. Imvula zokuqala azisezi ngeyeDwarha (Oktobha), ngoku uzifumana pha kweyoMqungu (Januwari) nakweyoMdumba (Februwari). Ngoko ke bayabona ukuba ikhona into eyenzekayo.

iZingisa ne Ntinga bayomeleza nje ukuba baqhubekeke ngenkqubo yolimo lwendalo nokukhuthaza ukutyala iindidi ngeendidi neentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo. Kumele balime amachiza ukuze bazi ukuba kulungile ukusebenzisa amachiza njengamayeza, kunokusoloko bebalekela ekliniki nangezigulwana nje ezincinci. Into abanokuyenza ukunqanda izigulo kukuzinyanga ngamachiza nezityalo. Umzekelo xa unokhohlokhohlo oluncinci, ungasebenzisa ingcambu ekuthiwa yi athenosia ramroot nomhlonyane ukuzinceda. Ke ngoko sikhuthaza abantu ukuba basebenzise amachiza angakwazi nokubanceda ekulawuleni izinambuzane.

Ngamaxesha amaninzi ndinqwenela ukuba abantu ezilalini nelizwe ngokubanzi bangakwazi ukukrwaqula ngasemva - sikhe sime nje sijonge indalo. Ukuba uluntu belukhathala luncedana, lonto inceda nendalo, ngesingajongenanga nendlala ngalendlela. Ngesingenabo nobukrelemnqa obungaka, izifo, utywala, neziyobisi. Ukuba bendinokuma entabeni ndikhwaze bendingathi, ‘’Buyelani kwindalo, celani uxolo kwindalo.’’ Masilungise iimposiso esizenzileyo.

Ungazuza lukhulu ngomhlaba nje omncinci

Inkqubo yolimo lwendalo ithetha ukuba ulima usebenzisa inwebu yobomi ephilayo yendalo engqonge isitiya sakho eso. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkunkuma yasekhaya ingondla umhlaba nezilwanyana, ukutya okusuka emhlabeni kondle ikhaya. Le nkqubo isisangqa sobomi esipheleleyo esingaqhawukiyo yaye esingenankcitho ekuthiwa iyalahlwa.

Ndilondoloza amanzi ngokuthi ndikhongozele amanzi emvula. Ndisebenzisa amachiza ukugxotha izinambuzane ezingafunekiyo esitiyeni sam nditsale ezo ziluncedo. Ndinentyatyambo nezityalo ezikhethekileyo ezinje ngelavenda ezitsala iinyosi ezithi zona zincede ngokusasaza imbewu.

Xa ndilima ndilandela inkqubo yokutyala apho izityalo ezahlukeneyo ziba ngamahlakani ancedisanayo. Ndiqinisekisa ukuba ndinamahlamvu awoneleyo ukugquma izityalo zam. Ndinespinatshi esinika izityalo zam inaytrojini. Ndinezityalo ezineminxeba ezikhula ngokonyuka kwezinye. Ndinemithi yeziqhamo. Lusebenza kanjalo ke ulimo lwam lwendalo.

Into emnandi ngolimo lwendalo kukuba ungaxuba izityalo ezizindidi ngeendidi yaye umane utshintsha-tshintsha. Ngoku ndineziqhamo, imifuno, ingqolowa, nezilwanyana kodwa lomhlaba awudluli nehekthare. Ngolimo lwendalo, kuninzi ongakwenza emhlabeni omncinci.

Ndizakubabonisa abakrokri

Ndikwasebenzisa isitiya sam njengendawo yokufundisa khona abantu baselalini ukuba ulimo lwendalo lwenziwa njani nokuba isitiya sePermaculture senziwa njani ukuze xa bebuyela emakhaya bazizamele.

Ilali yam iyinxalenye yeelali ezili-13 eziphantsi kwenkosi enye. Amalungu eZingisa athe sa kwezoolali zoli13: ndiyawamema, yizani. Bazibandakanya nombutho wabalimi wasekuhlaleni bafumane ulwazi ngolimo lwendalo.

Ndandililungu lwekomiti yombutho wabalimi elalini de ndachongwa kwikomiti ephezulu emele isithile sethu sisonke. Iikomiti ezahlukeneyo zeelali zisebenza neziko elinye (Service centre) yesebe lezolimo. Iqumrhu ngalinye lelali lahlukile ngobungakanani. Kweyam sinamakhaya angama-30, siqinisekisa ukuba makubekho umntu omnye kwikhaya ngalinye oba lilungu lekomiti yelali.

Ndizakubabonisa abangakholwayo abathi ulimo lwendalo ilungele izitiya zasekhaya kuphela. Ndilenzile uphando; kuninzi okunokwenziwa. Noba ubungaba nama-50 ehekthare usengakhulisa ukutya usebenzisa ulimo lwendalo.

Andinamathandabuzo: nakanjani na kungenzeka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba nabani na angavuselela isitiya sakhe ngolimo lwendalo ze baziphilise. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bafuna nje ukuboniswa kungoko izitiya zethu thina baziyo zingasetyenziswa njengendawo zokufundela ukukhuthaza abanye. Kukho abantu abakhulisa ukutya ngempumelelo. Abanye bayafuduka ezidolophini babuyela ezilalini besiya kufunda ngokutsha indlela yokuxabisa umhlaba nokuvelisa ukutya.

Isitshingitshane esizalwa yingcinezelo

Xa ndijonga emva kwixesha lengcinezelo, ukuvela kwamashishini amakhulu azonzakalisa iingqondo zabantu. Amadoda amaninzi aya ezidolophini esiya kusebenza. Into eyayisinyanzeliso seyinqumnqweno wamadoda amaninzi ngoku. Umhlaba wayekelwa kubantu abangamabhinqa ababeshiyeke ezilalini, ukusukela apho, abantu bavalelwa kwinkqubo yokuthembela kuqoqosho loohlohlesakhe.

Ukulima kwachaneka ngenxa yoku. Abantu babelima ngenkomo namakhuba kodwa inkqubo yengcinezelo yanyanzelisa ukuba inkomo zabantu maziphungulwe. Ngaxeshanye umhlaba waphungulwa. Kwaze ngalo ndlela ke babe abantu abasakwazi ukuziphilisa, kwaqa kwafuneka imali ukuthenga ukutya nempahla. Oku kwathetha ukuba imivuzo yamadoda asezidolphini yayingepi kumakhaya ngoba yayisetyenziselwa nezinto ezizezona zifunekayo zokuphila.

Eyona nto kukubana uqoqosho olunamashishini amakhulu lwaba lutshaba kwiintsapho ezininzi, ingakumbi lo makhaya ashiywa ngamadoda awo aya ezidolophini eyokufuna umsebenzi. Kwaziswa iitrekthara ekwakumelwe ziqeshwe babe abantu bengenamali. Ukuphela kwengcinezelo ngo1994 ubomi babantu ingakumbi abalimi abakhasayo zange buguquke ngoba ukulima zange bube yinto ephambili kuRhulemente.

Ukutshintsha kolawulo lwezopolotiko eMzantsi Afrika akuzanga nenkxaso yezolimo. Int’ okunayo abantu bavela bathembela kwizibonelelo zentlalo zikaRhulumente. Ngaxeshanye ukuphela kwengcinezelo kwakhatshwa kukuvalwa kwemigodi emininzi, abantu ababesenza emigodini bagoduka kodwa sebengafuni ukulima. Ubudlelwane nomhlaba baguqulwa ngendlela embi. Abasaboni umhlaba ingumthombo wempilo nokuzondla.

Isizukulwana sabantwana bethu sichaphazeka kakhulu ke sona, babona ukusebenza umhlaba isisibetho. Nangaphaya komhlaba, babona ikukuxhatshazwa xa usithi kumele basebenze. Ikhondo lokuzimisela ekusebenzeni nokuba sekunzima letha kakhulu. Ngoku sinabantu abalambayo kwindawo zethu zokuhlala ngoba asisakwazi ukuvelisa ukutya. Sesi sivondoviya esi esazalwa yingcinezelo ke eso.

Andicingi ukuba konke kuphelile

Andicingi ukuba konke kuphelile kodwa. Sisenokwazi ukubuyisela indlela zethu zakudala nokuvuselela ulwazi lomthonyama ngoba ngoku abantu xa bejonga isitiya sam bayakhuthala ukuba nabo bangenza njengam. Kukho umalume owayengenasitiya kodwa emva kokubona esikwenzileyo nomyeni wam kulomhlaba wakhuthala ukuba naye azame. Ngoku unesitiya sakhe futhi akasayithengi imifuno. Usebenzisa lendlela ndiyisebenzisayo ngaphandle nje kwezimbalwa ezinje ngokonyusa iibhedi, nokugquma izityalo ngamagqabi kuba esithi zingumsebenzi omninzi. Ude asebenzise umgquba wenkomo ukuchumisa kwaye isitiya sakhe sisemgangathweni.

Ulimo lwendalo ayiyokokuvelisa ukutya okwaneleyo nje kuphela. Sijonge ityathanga lonke lenkqubo yokutya ukuze sizondle sizimela ngokupheleleyo ngolimo lwendalo, apho sithetha ngamandla omntu okukwazi ukukhetha uhlobo lokutya afuna ukukuvelisa nokutya afuna ukutya futhi kuhambelane nenkcubeko yakhe. Uyabona xa uphelela ekuveliseni ukutya okwaneleyo kuphela, inkcubeko yabantu ayinanzwa konke konke. Uhamba uyokuthenga lonto ikhoyo. Awazi ukuba yenziwe njani, isuka phi, inexesha elingakanani iphaya okanye ihambe ndlela yiphi.

Ukwabelana ngembewu yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ekumele ivuselelwe. Imbewu yethu yakwaNtu yabiwa ngongxowankulu, ooMonsato noSygentas. Ngoku asisenayo imbewu yemveli. Asisenazo ezombewu ezazidluliswa kwisizukulwana ngesizukulwana, Asifane sizibone ezo. Ukwabelana ngembewu kungasinceda ukuba siliphindaphinde inani lembewu yethu yemveli, nembewu eziwelayo kwisivuno. Sifuna imbewu enyamezelayo esingazokuchitha mali eninzi ukuze siyifumane futhi ukwabelana ngembewu nokugcina imbewu koovimba kungasinceda kakhulu.

Nina nikhethe ukuzikhulisela ukutya nidinga umhlaba. Kufuneka niyazi imbewu. Kufuneka nikhethe enizakulima. Kumele nikwazi ukulawula ukutya enikuvelisayo kwaye nilawule nentengiso yemveliso yenu.

Siyakwazi ekufuneka sikwenzile. Indlel’ ivulekile. Kufuneka nje sizimisele ukuyihamba.

1. Urontavel(a rondawel ligama elisuka kulwimi lwesi-Afrikaans) louhlobo lokwakha indlu lakudala eAfrika kodwa yaguqulwa yakhiwa n ngohlobo lwaseNtshona.
2. Ukususwa ngesinyanzeliso kwabantu abamnyama kwimihlaba namakhaya abo nguRhulumente wezengcinezelo.Ngamanye amaxesha babengasebenzi bundlobongela okanye banikezele ngemali, babesebenzisa ezinye indlela apho abo basuswayo bezifumana bengenawo amandla okuzikhusela kuba babengabaqeshwa.eMzantsi Afrika imbali yokususwa kwabantu abamnyama emhlabeni wabo inzulu kwaye yayisekwelwe kwimithetho yobuhlanga. Ingcaciso ephangaleleyo neshicilelweyo iyafumaneka kumathala akwa Surplus People Project (South Africa). Ingcaciso ngakumbi ungajonga apha: “Forced Removals in South Africa: Volume 1-5 of the Surplus People Project Report,” Pietermaritzburg: Surplus People Project, 1983.
3. “Chilblains” Ukuchachamba nokuqothola kabuhlungu kwemithambo yegazi emincinane eyenzeka xa umzimba uthe wagodola kakhulu.
4. Mthatha yidolophu enkulu yesixeko saseKing Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality eMpuma Koloni eMzantsi Afrika nesiyinxalenye yeOR Tambo District Municipality.Ithabatha ixesha elingaphezu kwe 3.5 hours ukuqhuba phakathi koMthatha ne Amathole,apho uBusisiwe ahlala khona.
5. Vermiculture ukusebenzsa iminyiki ngengezichumiso kwizityalo.Le ndlela ibalulekile kakhulu kulimo lwezendalo.
6. Ukwabelana kwimbewu ngowendalo(“Open-pollinated”) le yindlela esetyenziswayo yolima apho izityalo zabelana ngeembewu ngokwendalo, ziphinde ziyivelise ngokunokwazo ngokwendalo zivelisa kwalembewu ziyathabathe kwengaphambi kwayo.
7. “Zingisa Educational Project …ngumbutho oncedisa imibutho yabantu ibaxhobisa ngendlela zokuzilwela amalungelo yemihlaba ngezolimo olusekelwe kwizakhono zokuzimela nokuphuhlisa isimo sabantu abahluphekayo ezilalini,abalimi abasakhasayo kunye nabo bangenamihlaba.”(Ulwazi oluphangaleleyo ngalombutho lufumane apha: https://search.info4africa.org.za/Organisation?Id=92311 (accessed November 10, 2018).
8. Amanzi amdaka asele esetyenzisiwe ekhayeni okanye emisebenzini kodwa abe engenabungozi eluntwini nakwizityalo okanye anxulumane nobumdaka bangaselindle labantu.
9. Iziswenye zokugcina imbewu ikwimo yendalo.Amaxesha amaninzi lamaswenye afumana inkxaso yezimali, lembewu iye isetyenziswe ukwenza uphando olusetyenziswa ukwenza umahluko kubantu ekuhlaleni.
10. Amagosa ezolimo asebuRhulumenteni esenza umsebenzi wokunxibelelana phakathi kophuhliso kwezolimo ebuRhulumenteni kunye nabahlali. Bayasebenza nasekuxhobiseni abalimi ekubanika uqeqesho olunezakhono.
11. Ntinga Ntaba kaNdoda ngumbutho oyimbuba yabahlali ezilalini omele amalungelo,imihlaba kunye nophuhliso lwasezilalini.Lombutho useQoboqobo,eMpuma Koloni,eMzantsi Afrika.Wasekwa ngabahlali ngonyaka ka 2002, njengombutho oncedisa ukuphakamisa imisebenzi nembono zabahlali ukuba ziyephambili.