Voices for Food Sovereignty
Elizabeth Mpofu

Elizabeth Mpofu

Zera panguva yevhunzurudzo: Makore 59

Shashe, Zimbabwe

Elizabeth Mpofu ndiye sachigaro weZimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers’ Forum (ZIMSOFF).[1] Anotaura zvinyoro-nyoro, uye patinosangana naye, anoita sekakuvhunduka. Anombowana paanomanikidzira kusekerera asati atiudza kutambudzika kwaanoita nekuda kwemuzukuru wake ane makore gumi namaviri ekuberekwa, uyo ari kurwara chaizvo. Vana chiremba havasati vakwanisa kuvheneka kuti chingava chii chiri kumurwadza. Anogara achitarisa nhare yake kuri kutsvaka nhau dzehutano hwemuzukuru wake asi anozongomira kutarisa paanonyura mukutiudza nyaya yake. Akagara muchigaro chake chemuhofisi chinotenderera, maanopota achitamba nacho achichisundira shure nemberi achishandisa musana wake paanotiudza zvendangariro dzake dzinorwadzisa moyo muhupenyu hwake. Kana paanotaura nezveminda nekudya, anotaura zvinonzwisisika zvekuti unotoshamisika nazvo. Anoti kurudzira kuti tidye kudya kwamasikati kubva mune zvakarimwa nenzira yeorganic farming, chero hazvo zvanga zvakamuomera kuti akwanise kudaro.

Zita rangu ndinonzi Elizabeth Mpofu. Ndakazvarirwa kuSouth Africa mumhuri ine vana vasere. Paiva nevakomana vatatu nevasikana vashanu, ini ndiri mukuru kuvasikana. Handizivi gore rakachata vabereki vangu, asi mwana mukuru mumba medu akaberekwa muna 1950 kuSouth Africa. Wechipiri akazvarwa muna1955, ini ndikazozvarwa muna 1959. Iye zvino tasara tiri vana vana vari kurarama. Vamwe vose vakatisiya, zvinova zvinoremera amai vedu vakura chaizvo, ivo varivo vanochengeta vana vose vadiki vakasiiwa nehanzvadzi nevanin’ina vangu. Zvinovaremera chaizvo nekuti baba vangu vakashaikavo saka zvose zvinosarira ivo.

Ndiri murimi wemunda mudiki. Ndakaroorwa uye ndine vana vatatu. Ndaimbova nevana, asi umwe wacho akashaika. Vose vatova vanhu vakuru uye vatovavo nedzimba dzavo. Pamunda pangu, ndinongozvichengeta ini nemurume wangu.

Kupera kwedzidzo yangu

Ndichiri mwana mudiki ndakapinda mumatambudziko akawanda, rimwe racho riri rekutadza kupedza chikoro kwangu. Chero hazvo vabereki vangu vakanga vakwanisa kutiendesa tose kuchikoro, pandakapedza grade seven, ndopakavavo kupera kwedzidzo yangu. Tsika yaivapo mazuva iwayo yaiva isingatenderi kuti vanasikana vaenderere mberi nedzidzo mumhuri yaiva nevanakomana. Vaida zvekuendesa vanakomana kuzvidzidzo zvesecondary. Kana waiva musikana uye uchikwanisa kunyora tsamba, pfungwa dzavo dzaitoti wakanga wave nezvose zvawaifanira kuwana pakudzidza. Vabereki vaitofara, nekuti wainge watova padanho rekuti waigona kunyorerana tsamba neupi waizotsvaka kukuroora.

Vabereki vangu vaiita zvekurima chaizvo, saka pandakapedza grade seven, ndakagara kumba ndichivabatsira. Dzimwe nguva baba vangu, avo vaishanda muHarare, vaindikoka kuti ndizovashanyira kuguta. Pandakasvitsa makore gumi nemanomwe, hanzvadzi yangu mudiki pana vose akarwara, saka baba, panguva iyoyo vaigara nemumwe murume mukuru waiita sen’anga. Vakafunga zvekuenda nehanzvadzi yangu iya kuHarare. Vakamutora vachifungidzira kuti pamwe mukuru uya aizokwanisa kumurapa. Ndakakumbirwa nguva iyoyo kuenda kuHarare kuti ndindopepa hanzvadzi yangu.

Nekuti ndakanga ndichiramba

Nguva iyi ndiyo yandakashuwa chaizvo muhupenyu hwangu hose nekuti mukweguri uya akaona baba vasipo vari kubasa akabva andibhinya. Paaindibhinya akandirova nekuti ndairamba zvaaiita. Zvose izvi zvakaitika mberi kwehanzvadzi yangu, uyo akange ane makore gumi nerimwe panguva iyoyo. Pakadzoka baba, rakatova rimwe dambudziko kuvaudza zvakanga zvaitika. Baba vangu nemudhara uya vakarwa chaizvo, apa ndikazorohwa zvakare nemurume uya. Akabva atidzinga mumba make paakamutsana nababa.

Takabva pamba pake tikawana imwe imba yekugara kwesvondo ndisati ndadzokera kumba nehanzvadzi yangu. Ndakaita pamuviri nekuda kwekubhinywa kuya. Ndakatozvara mwana mukomana achiri mupenyu asi baba vake vakashaika. Hapana zvakaitika kumurume uya. Akangobudirira mune zvaakaita uye baba vangu hapana zvavakawana semutemo wechivanhu kana paitika zvakadai.

Nichaiwana nzira chete

Dzimwe nguva ndinofunga kuti zvandakasangana nazvo muhupenyu hwangu ndizvo zvinosakisa kuti ndishande nesimba mukubatsira zvinoitwa namadzimai muZimbabwe. Chimwe chinhu chakaitika pandakabhinywa ndechekuti ndakanga ndisingazivi kodzero dzangu, nekuti ndakanga ndichiri mudiki. Nekufamba kwenguva, ndakaona kuti ndaifanira kuwana nzira yekubudisa nekugadzirisa nyaya dzekutsikirirwa nekumanikidzwa kwavakadzi, nekuti chinhu chandakaona chichigaroitika kuvanasikana nemadzimai munharaunda mangu.

Ndinoyeuka ndichifunga, “Hatingagari takanyarara kudai! Tinofanira kuita chimwe chinhu pamusoro pazvo.” Panguva idzodzo ndakanga ndisingazivi pekutangira, asi ndakafunga kuti, “Ndichaiwana nzira chete.” Chero hazvo nguva iyi ichiwanikwa yandakasuwa zvakanyanyisa, uye zvandisingafi ndakakanganwa, yakandipa simba rekurwira kodzero dzamadzimai.

Kumira nekumboshanda pamapurazi munzira

Ndine ruzivo rwushoma pamusana penyaya yemhuri kana kuti dzinza rangu nekuti handina kuzvarirwa muno muZimbabwe. Vabereki vangu vakasangana kuSouth Africa, uko kwaishanda baba uye kwaigara amai nekuti mai muSouth African. Ndakazvarirwa muSouth Africa ndikazouya kuno kuZimbabwe ndave namakore mashanu. Patakauya kuZimbabwe, ndakanga ndisingazivi hama dzangu dzekurutivi rwababa. Patakasvika, takatambirwa nemukoma wababa nemudzimai wavo, asi zvaionekwa kuti vakanga vasina mufaro kuti amai vangu nevana vavo vapinde mumusha wavo.

Baba vakanga vasina musha muno muZimbabwe nekuti vakanga vaenda kuSouth Africa vachiri mukomana, pavakanga vanzwa kuti mumwe mupatya wavo aiva mukomana akanga aurawa pavakazvarwa. Mazuva iwayo zvaiva zvichinzi zvaishura kubereka mapatya, naizvozvo vanhu vaisarudza kuuraya rimwe patya pakuzvarwa. Baba havana kuzviziva izvi kusvika vava nemakore manomwe, apo pavakabva vangotiza.

Vakabva pamusha vakafamba zvishoma-nezvishoma vachienda kuSouth Africa netsoka, vachimira nekushanda pamapurazi vachienda. Vaitiudza kuti vaiti vakafamba, vomira pane rimwe purazi voshanda ipapo kwesvondo imwe kana kuti mbiri, vobva vasimudzira zvakare. Vaida kuenda kuSouth Africa nekuti vaitenda kuti mhuri yavo hayaizokwanisa kuvawana zvachose ikoko. Ivo vaitofungavo kuti vaigona kuzourawa nemhuri yavo sezvakanga zvaitwa kune mumwe wavo. Baba vaiti vakarwadziwa kusvika mukati pavakaziviswa zvakanga zvaitika kune rimwe patya ravo.

Amai ndivo vakasarudza kutiunza kuno

Pakashaika ambuya vangu, amai vababa, baba havana kana kutomboziva nezvazvo. Pane imwe nguva muwanano yavabereki vangu nehupenyu hwavo muSouth Africa, amai vakafunga zvekuti vaida kuziva zvemhuri yababa vangu nekuti vaida kufamba kuuya kuZimbabwe kuzovaona. Handizivi kuti pfungwa iyi yakanga yakavakoshera chii. Asi vakarongedza nhava dzavo nevana vavo vatatu vadiki vekupedzisira, ndokumuruka. Baba vangu vakati vaida kusara vari muSouth Africa vachishanda, uye vaitya kuti mhuri yavo yaiva ichiri kuyeuka zvavakanga vatizira uye kuti vaigona kusazovagashira nokuda kwaizvozvo. Chero makoro ose awa akanga apfuura, baba vakanga vasingavimbi nevanhu vemumhuri mavo. Pamwe vakatonyanya kusavimba navo nekugarisa kwavakanga vaita vari kure navo.

Baba vakazongouya kuZimbabwe apo amai vakanga vapika kwavari kuti vakanga vasingachadzokeri kuSouth Africa. Panguva yakadzoka baba, baba vavo vakanga vakwegura zvikuru uye vakanga vasingachakwanisi kuti udza nyaya yakaita kuti baba vatize pamusha. Ndinonzwa kuti ndakaita rombo rakanaka kuti amai vakasarudza kuti unza kuno, nekuti handaizova nehukama hwandinahwo neivhu, ivhu remadzitateguru angu, dai takakura sevana vemuguta muSouth Africa.

Chero vanhu vari munharaunda vasingatsigiri

Patakauya kuZimbabwe naamai, mwedzi yokutanga yakanga yakaoma chose. Takasvika tichigara kuBuhera nababamukuru namaiguru.[2] Mudzimai wababamukuru haana kufara nekugara kwedu pamba pavo uye vairatidza ruvengo rukuru kwatiri. Pane imwe nguva, mai vakadzokera kuSouth Africa kundotora mari kuna baba, ndokutisiya tiri mumawoko amaiguru. Maiguru vakasara vasingatichengeti zvekuti taitovata panze tisina chokudya. Taigara mazuva akawanda tisina kana kugeza.

Mai pavakadzoka, vakauya nezvekudya nemari, pachitova neyechikoro chevana vababamukuru. Iyi ndiyo nguva yoga yatakaona maiguru vachiita sevaitifarira. Maiguru vakanga vari munhu asina kusununguka zvekuti chero vemunharaunda vaizeza kuvatanga. Kana muvakidzani wavo aida kukumbira chimwe chinhu, ndingati semunyu, aitopfuura pamba pavo kundotsvaka kumuvakidzana aiva kure nekuti maiguru vaive vasingatangiki uye vaiva nerutsuta rukuru. Vakanga vasingadi kugovana nevamwe chero chinhu, naizvozvo kuwana kudya kwangu nevamwe vana vevabereki vangu kwaishupa chaizvo.

Iyi inzvimbo yavo

Nekufamba kwenguva, mai vakataura nashe wenzvimbo iyoyo kuti tiwanevo nzvimbo yedu.[3] Patakawana nzvimbo yedu, mai vakabva vativakira musha. Chimwe chinhu chandakadzidza kubva kuna mai ndechekuzviitira zvinhu zvangu, chero vari munharaunda vakasanditsigira. Hama dzababa zhinji dzakanga dzisingatendi kuti munhu aikwanisa kubva kuSouth Africa agokwanisa hupenyu hwemuno muZimbabwe. Asi imba ine makamuri manomwe yakavakwa pamusha pedu yakabuda nekuda kwekushanda nesimba kwamai vangu. Vaitakura matombo nemaoko avo, vachikanya Dhaka necement voga.

Pakazouya baba kuzova nesu kuZimbabwe, takanga tatova nemusha mukuru chose, uye ndinoona sekuti kushaikwa kwavo pamba kwaiva nekahudzvinyiriri kuna mai, nekuti mai vakaita izvi zvose vari voga. Chero hazvo mai vangu vaibva kumhuri yaigara mudhorobha isina ruzivo nezvekurima, vakafarira zvekurima. Pasina nguva vakanga vatova shasha yevarimi vose vaiva mudunhu ravo.

Handina kumboziva kuti nemhaka yei mai vakada kuzogara kuno; tichitarira matambudziko atakasangana nawo mumazuva ekutanga nekuva kure kwavo kubva kumhuri yavo, asi kwavari zviri pachena kuti Zimbabwe ndiwo musha wavo. Ndiyo nyika yavakarerera vana vavo, uye vakatiudza kuti kana vazoshaya vanoda kuvigwa muno. Mai vava nemakore makumi manomwe ane mapfumbamwe, (79) asi vachiri kukwanisa kuita mamwe mabasa pamunda wavo. Kushara kwavo kuuya kuzogara kuZimbabwe kunoramba kuchindishamisa nekundinakidza pamwe chete.

Kuwanda kwesimba mumba

Hanzvadzi dzangu mbiri huru, Moses naPeter, havana kuuya kuZimbabwe pekutanga. Vakambosara kuSouth Africa nababa sezvo vakanga vatotanga chikoro. Mai vakauya neni nevanin’ina vangu Simbisai naGrace. Hazel, Maurice, naRuramai vakazozvarwa tava kuno kuZimbabwe. Pakazouya Moses naPeter kuZimbabwe vachiuya nababa kwatopera makore akati wandei isu tauya, zvaitonetsa kuti tikwanise kuvaka hukama navo. Chimwe chaidero kuti ivo vaiva vakomana isu tiri vasikana, asi vaiva nekamwe kakuzvinzwa kuti zvavakanga vari vakomana, vaiva nesimba pamusoro pedu. Vaiva vakafumuka uye vane ganyabvu, naizvozvo hatina kumbonatsa kusvika pakuwirirana.

Baba pavakauya kuZimbabwe, havana kugara nesu kumusha kuBuhera. Vakaenda kundoshanda kuHarare, zvichireva kuti vaipedza nguva yavo zhinji variko, zvinova zvakawedzera hanzvadzi dzangu huru simba pamusha, kunyanya Moses. Aitirwadzisa chaizvo pamusha. Handizivi kuti chakanyanya kumukuvadza chii pakati pekugara mumarukisheni emuSouth Africa kana kuti nguva yaakagara kumakamba panguva yehondo yorusununguko rweZimbabwe.

Varwi vehondo yorusununguko vaitora vamwe varwi kubva mumahigh schools. Muna1975, Moses akanga ari paboarding school akabva afunga zvekubatana nevaiva kuhondo. Hapana wedu waakaudza. Takangozoona asina kuuya kumusha pazororo kuti munhu akanga anyangarika. Takangofungidzira kuti akanga aenda kuhondo asi takanga tisina chokwadi chakazara. Kwemakore akawanda takanga tisingazivi kuti akanga achiri mupenyu here kana kuti kwete.

Aiva nehutsinye

Akatozodzoka kumba muna1979. Ndinodemba kuti dai ndaigona kuti kwaiva kukomborerwa kuti akanga adzoka kumba, asi handizvo. Akanga atowedzera hutsinye nechinya. Aigona kuti rovera zvinhu zviduku-duku, zvizhinji zvacho waitotadza kuziva kuti waiva uchitokanganisa pawaizviita. Aigona kuti akakuvhunza muvhunzo, ukamupa shanduro yaakanga asingadi, aikurova.

Chimwe chinhu chakashatisa chaakaita kundituma nemari kuenda kuzvitoro kundomutengera doro, asi ndisati ndaenda, aipfira mujecha ondiudza kuti ndimhanye nekuti kana ndaidzoka mate ake aoma, paizoita dambudziko. Ndaibva ndatoziva zvazvaireva nekuti ndaiziva kuti munhu wacho aiva nechinya chakadii. Kuzvitoro kwacho kwaiva kure zvekusvika makilometres masere. Handifungi kuti aitombotarira kuti mate ake akanga achipo here kana kuti kwete pandaidzoka. Chaaida kuti nditye chete, nekuti kana aida zvekundirova, akanga asina basa kuti aiva nechikonzero chacho here kana kuti kwete. Aiva nehutsinye husingaiti. Pane nguva yaakatomboda kurova mai vedu chaivo. Kugara naye kwaisvota uye kwairwadza chaizvo, kutaura chokwadi. Hanzvadzi yangu Peter, chake kwaiva kudhakwa chete nekungoshaya tsika kwadzo, asi akanga asingarovi munhukadzi.

Pataiva mumatambudziko

Ndakakura ndichiwirirana chaizvo nemunin’ina wangu Hazel. Maitire ake pazvizhinji akanga akada kuita seni. Akanga asinganetsi, uye nguva zhinji aiita zvaanenge akumbirwa kuti aite. Simbisai akanga asina musikanzwa, asi akanga akanyarara chaizvo. Kutaura kwake kwaitonetsa, uye aigara ari ega zvake. Aigona kugadzirira zvekuenda kuchikoro mangwanani, agofamba nesu asi agosataura kana shoko rimwe. Grace ndiye aiva nemusikanzwa. Aiva nehusimbe zvakare uye taigara takarwa naye, nenyaya yekusada kushanda kwake.

Mai vaibika zvokudya zvedu vozvisiya kuti tizodya tabva kuchikoro. Nerimwe zuva Grace akamhanya kumba mberi kwedu akandodya kudya kwakanga kwasiiwa namai kuti tizodya masikati. Pakaita nharo huru, kusvika ini naSimbisai tamurova. Grace akamhanya akawana paakavanda, saka pakadzoka mai kumba, akanga asingaonekwi. Mai vakavhunza isu tikati takanga tisingazivi. Pavakazovhunza kuti takanga tadya here, ndipo patakazovaudza nyaya yose yezvakanga zvaitika.

Grace haana kudzoka kumba musi uyoyo kusvika pava pakati pahwo husiku. Akanga atizira mumakomo aiva pedo. Paiva nebako raisitizira achindovanda, saka chero dai taimutsvaka, taimushaiwa. Akandovanda ikoko nekuti mai vakanga vatiudza kuti kana ivo vaitirova, tika tiza pamba kuenda kumba kwemumwe munhu, taifanira kubva tatotama kuenda kundogara kwemunhu iyeye kwete kudzoka kumba. Saka pataipara mhosva, takanga tisingatiziri kuvavakidzani kana kuti kuhama sezvaiita vamwe vana.

Grace akazoshaika hake ndingati pava nemakore mashanu atisiya. Akanga akaroorwa achigara nemurume nevana vake kwaChihota.[4] Murume wake akamusiya nevana akatama kundogara kuHarare nemumwe mukadzi. Grace akazorwara akashaikira kwaChihota. Kazhinji mutemo wechinyakare unoti mudzimai anovigwa kumusha kwemurume wake, asi nemhaka yekuti murume wake akanga akamusiya, takamutakura tikandomuviga kumusha kwedu kuBuhera.

Ndiko kufamba kunoita hupenyu

Ndakaita vana vana, asi wechipiri, Xavier, akashaya. Iye zvino ndine vakomana vaviri nemusikana mumwe nevazukuru vapfumbamwe. Nyarai, mwanasikana wangu oga, ndiye wechitatu, uye mupurisa. Akarambana nemurume uye ane vana vake vaviri. Dangwe rangu Patrick, akaroora uye ane vana vatatu. Anomboshanda semuchairi wemarori. Mazuvano haasi kushanda hake. Mukomana mudiki, Tichaona, haasi kushanda. Mukomana uyu ane misikanzwa. Anogara nemukadzi wake anoshanda nesimba, nevana vavo pamunda wavo wakakura zve maacres maviri nechidimbu chimwe muzviviri (two and half) watakatenga nemurume wangu uye unova wakakurira vana vedu. Takavapa munda uyu nemusha kuti vabatsirike nemhuri yavo.

Hupenyu hwevazukuru vangu hauna kunatsa kunaka nekuda kwekuti vanakomana vangu havasi panzvimbo dzakanaka. Ini nemurume wangu tinotofanira kuchengeta vana vavo, uye zvinhu zvakaoma nekuti vana ivava vanofanira kuenda kuzvikoro. Tinotofanira kutsvaka nzira dzekuti totengesa chii kubva pamunda kuti tikwanise kuendesa vana ava kuchikoro. Nguva nenguva tinopota tichitengesa mombe dzedu kuti tiwane kubhadhara mari yechikoro yevazukuru vedu. Ndiko kufamba kwehupenyu, asi pamwe mumwe musi zvichanaka.

Handinyanyi kunetseka nemwanasikana wangu nekuti ane basa rake uye anoshanda nesimba. Iye neni tiri kutanga mhindu yekuchengeta nguruve, kuti tizopota tichidzitengesa. Takatovaka chirugu chadzo pamunda watirikugara. Murume wangu akakwanisa kutenga dzimwe nguruve nemari yakatumirwa nemwanasikana wangu. Izvi zvakandinakira chaizvo nekuti zvichandibatsira kutsvaka mari yekupinza vazukuru vangu chikoro.

Ndaida kuita murimi samai vangu

Murume wangu wava mupurisa akasiya basa. Patakatanga kuroorana, taigara pakamba yemapurisa muHarare, zvichireva kuti taiva nekamunda kadiki pakambs apa.[5] Zvose zvandaingofunga kuti ndaida kuita murimi samai vangu.

Nekuda kwamai vangu, ndaiziva pundutso yekuita murimi. Chero haro riri basa rinorwadza, haupoti uchida zvekutenga zvokudya zuva nezuva, uye unorima zvaunoda kudya. Ndakazviona zvichinetsa kugara mukamba nekuda kweizvi. Nyangwe chindima chandaiva nacho mukamba chakanga chiri chidikisa, ndaikwanisa kurima mirivo yakakura yakasvibira nemadomasi zvandaitopota ndichitengesera vamwe mukamba.

Murume wangu zvaimuomera kuti aparadzane nemari yaaitambira, saka izvi zvaireva kuti kana ndaikona kutsvaka mari yangu pachangu, kuchengetedza imba yangu nekuwana zvaidikwa mumba zvaizondiomera. Ndakanga ndisingatombozivi kuti aiwana mari yakawanda zvakadii. Ndaiva ndisingawani chero cent chairo kubva mumuhoro wake, chero yeshangu kana kuti yerokwe chaiyo. Zvisinei, nekamunda ikako, ndakakwanisa kurarama.

Nzira yaishandiswa namai kurima zvokudya nguva dzose

Murume wangu paakazosiya basa, waida kutenga imba muguta, ndikati, “Kwete, ndinoda chaizvo kuwana nzvimbo yekuti ndikwanisevo kuita zvekurima.” Takatenga munda muna1997, pavakaregedza basa. Ndiwo munda uya uri kuGokomere watakapa mwanakomana wangu mudiki paava kugara nemhuri yake.[6] Ndipo pandakatangira zvekurima zvandaigara ndichizviona ndichiita, ndichirima zvokudya zvandaida. Vana vangu havana kufarira kutama kubva muhupenyu hwemudhorobha kuenda kumamisha. Murume wangu paakagashira pension, vana vaida kuti atenge kamwe kamusha kadiki mudhorobha, asi ndakamukumbira kuti atenge zvake mombe. Kuva nemombe kwakabatsira nekuti hatichaiti zvekubhadhara dzevamwe kuti tisunge pagejo.

Patakatanga zvekurima pakamunda kedu karikuGokomere takanga tisingarimi tichishandisa nzira dzeagroecology. Taishandisa mafertilisers nemachemicals. Muna 1998, bato remadzimai emunharaunda randaiva nhengo rakapinda muAssociation of Zimbabwe Traditional Environmental Conservationists [AZTREC], uye ndipo pandakatanga kudzidza nezveagroecology.[7] Bato iri rakatangwa nemasvikiro, madzimambo, varwi verusununguko, nevamwevo vagari vemunharaunda dzakasiyana vakaita seni. Vavariro yebato iri huru yaiva yekumutsurudza ruzivo nenzira dzemadzitateguru edu. Ndakafara chaizvo kuwana mukana wekudzidza nezveagroecology nekuti zvaindiyeuchidza nzira dzaishandiswa namai vangu kugadzira zvokudya uye nzira yavaindidzidzisa yekurima zvokudya. Ndakava sachigaro weAZTREC mukati memakore maviri kubva ndapinda mubato iri.

Ndakanga ndisinganyanyi kutenda kukwanisa kwangu kutungamirira boka iri, asi ndaifarira chaizvo, nyaya dzekudzora tsika dzedu dzechinyakare, kunyanya zve mbeu dzakare. AZTREC ndiro bato rakandikurudzira kuti ndifarire zveruzivo rwakare neagroecology. Pandakangopinda muAZTREC, ndakabva ndamira zvekushandisa mafertilisers nemachemicals pakurima nekuda kweruzivo rwandaiwana pamusoro peagroecology uye nekuti chero ndaishandisa fertiliser yakawanda sei, ndakanga ndisingabudisa kudya kwakanaka.

Vakaramba vachindiudza kuti ndaizvikwanisa

Ndakaenda kuWorld Summit on Sustainable Development kuJohannesburg, South Africa, muna2002 sasachigaro weAZTREC board, pamwechete nemamwe mapato akanga ari nhengo dzeParticipatory Ecological Land Use Management [PELUM] Zimbabwe.[8] Ndakanga ndisingazivi zvekutarisira pandakaenda kumusangano uyu, nekuti kwakanga kuchiri kwekutanga kwerwendo rwangu munyaya dzeagroecology. Ndakasarudzwa kuva mumiriri wenyika yangu nedzimwe nhengo dzemuZimbabwe dzaiva pamusangano uyu. Ndaitya chaizvo saka ndakaudza vamwe vangu kuti ndakanga ndisingakwanisi kuzviita, nekuti kutaura nechirungu chaiko kwaitonetsa, uyevo ndaizvinzwa kuti ndakanga ndisina ruzivo kana madambi aidiwa pabasa iri. Asi vakandiudza kuti ndaizvikwanisa uye ndaizozvidzidza ndiri pachigaro.

Nhengo zhinji dzaibatsirwa nePELUM Zimbabwe kuti dzive pamusangano uyu, dzakapedza mazuva dzichipinda mumisangano yaitaurwa zvakasiyana-siyana, vozosangana zvakare manheru vachitaurirana zvavenenge vaswera vachiunganidza. Pamisangano yehusiku iyi, taitaura nemitauro yedu miviri, Shona neNdebele, zvinova zvaibatsira chose. Taitaura nezve nyaya dzataisangana nadzo panyaya yezveminda nekuwanikwa kwekudya kwakanaka uye kwakagadzirwa nenzira dzakanaka.

Kuzvarwa kweZIMSOFF

Pamazuva eWorld Summit, varimi kubva kumatunhu emuEastern neemuSouthern Africa Farmers’ Forum [ESAFF] vakafunga kuvamba mamwe mapato madiki kusimbisa kubatana kwevarimi munyika dzavo uye kusimbisa hurongwa mukati menyika.[9] Pakati penhaurirano panhengo dzekuZimbabwe panyaya yekuvamba bato renyika, zvakava pachena kuti taifarira kukurudzira kurima tichishandisa nzira dzeagroecology muZimbabawe. Takaona kuti mapato mazhinji akanga akangonangana nekushandiswa kweminda munharaunda kuti zvikwanirane nevagari vemunharaunda kwete kurima nenzira dzeagroecology. Isu taida zvekukurudzira kushandiswa kwenzira dzekurima dzeagroecology, naizvozvo mushure mekutaurirana, takasungana kuvaka bato raibatanidza nyika yedu yose raizonangana nenzira dzeagroecology. Takaronga tikatomboshanda tisati tanyoresa bato redu, asi takazorinyores zviri pamutemo senonprofit organisation muna2007. Uku ndiko kwakave kuzvarwa kweZimbabwe Organic Smallholder Farmers’ Forum [ZIMSOFF].

Nhengo dzakatanga bato dzakazviona kuti taida rubatsiro rwakakura chaizvo kuti tifambise bato nekukudza ruzivo rwedu pamusoro peorganic practices. Nguva idzi ndidzo dzandainzwa sekuti ndaigara ndiri, pakudzidza, pamusangano, kana kuti paworkshop. Pazvidzidzo zvekutanga, tainangana nezvemadambi ehutungamiriri. Kuvapo senhengo dzeZIMSOFF pane izvi kwaitsigirwa neFambidzanai Permaculture Centre.[10] Director vecentre, VaRob Sacco, vaivavo sachigaro wePELUM Zimbabwe, naizvozvo vakatibatanidzisa nedzidzo dzaiitiswa nePELUM Zimbabwe.

Maworkshops awa nedzidziso kuvarimi akanga akanaka chaizvo, nekuti paidiwa zvakawanda pane zveruzivo nemadambi ekufambisa bato nekukokorodza nhengo dzaro. Patakatanga, takanga tisingazivi zvakawanda pamusoro pemapolicies, advocacy, nelobbying work, saka taida chaizvo dzidziso idzi. Dzidzo idzi dzepaFambidzanai nedzimwe dzairongwa nerimwe bato revanhukadzi rainzi “Jekesa Pfungwa,” yainangana nekodzero dzemadzimai paminda nepanhaka, dzaive dzakakosha mukuwedzero ruzivo rwangu.[11]

Muna2013, ZIMSOFF yakava nhengo zviri pamutemo yeLa Via Campesina [LVC], asi makore akawanda zvisati zvadaro, muna2004, mapato maviri aya akavaka hukama nekuda kwaRob Sacco.[12] Muna2004 ndakakokwa kuLa Via Campesina conference, nedzimwe nhengo nomwe dzeZIMSOFF. Ndini ndega ndaiva mukadzi muboka redu. Chero hazvo nhengo dzemuboka redu takanga tatotanga kushandisa nzira dzeagroecology patakaenda kumusangano uyu, kahukama kaimera pakati pedu neveLVC kakabatsira kusimbisa agroecology yedu nekuzvigadzirira kudya kwakanaka nenzira tsvene. Kubatana uku neLa Via Campesina kwakatitangisa parwendo rwukuru rwazotisvitsa paZIMSOFF ichihosta International Operating Secretariat of La Via Campesina pamwaka wechipiri.

Pakadzika moyo wangu midzi

Iye zvino handichangoiti zvekudzidza nezvemisangano, asi kutarira kukura kwangu nekutenda kuti ruzivo rwandinarwo rwunobatsira vamwe uye hwakakodzera kugoverwa kune vamwe. Ndinotungamiriravo zvakare dzidzo, hurukurirano, uyemaworkshops. pamhindu dzandinoita ndipo pakadzika moyo wangu midzi. Ndinoona madzimai akaita seni, vaiva vasina chinovadzivirira, vachisimuka vachitaura kumberi kwavanhu, zvichindipa tariro yekuti basa reZIMSOFF rine pundutso. Kudzidzisa madzimai ekumamisha pamusana pemitemo yekurima, semuenzaniso, zvinovabatsira kuti varwire zvakavafanira. Ivo, seni, vanomira kuona sekuti kuwana minda chipo asi sekuti ikodzero yavo uye ibasa ravo kurima minda iyoyo.

Izvezvi, tiri mukati mehurukurirano nevamiririri vemuparliament. Tinotora vakadzi vekumamisha kuti vauye vazotaura nevamiririri venzvimbo muparliarment pamusoro pezvinhu zvinovabata pamoyo. Kunaka kwehurukuro idzi ndekwekuti kana tiriko, hatitaurirani nechirungu, nekuti tinoshandisa chiShona, mutauro wanamai vedu. Madzimai akawanda anofamba kubva kure, kunzvimbo dzakasiyana munyika yose kuuya kuzotaura nevamiririri veparliarment panyaya dzemitemo yeminda. Sedanho rechirongwa chekukurudzira nhaurirano idzi, takanga tichitarisa paMaputo Protocol uye kuti ingashandiswa sei nemadzimai anova varimi veminda midiki kuti vave varidzi veminda uye kuti vave ivo vanoreva zvavanoda paminda yacho nehumwe hupfumi huri pairi.[13] Hatina kugara tichiziva pamusoro penzira dzose idzi, zvitenderano, uye mitemo inosimbisa kodzero dzamadzimai. Takadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pazvo uye kuti tingazvishandisa sei nekuda kwekutora nzvimbo muzvikwata zvakaita sanaRural Women’s Assembly.

Hapana patingamboda kusiya zvakadai

Dambudziko ratinoramba tichisangana naro ndere nzvimbo yemudzimai mumba nemunharaunda. Chero hazvo ruzivo nenyaya pakati pemadzimai anoshanda neZIMSOFF zvichiwedzera, kukonana kuri kuitika mudzimba kuri kuwedzeravo. Varume, kubatanidza nanababa vemba havanyanyi kutsigira. Havasi varume vese vakasununguka kuti vakadzi vavo vagare vachisangana namamwe madzimai vachiita mabasa emunharaunda. ZIMSOFF pachayo haizi bato remadzimai chete. Ine vanhukadzi nevanhurume, naizvozvo dzimwe nguva patinoronga misangano yedu yevakadzi, tinokokavo varume kubva kunharaunda idzodzo kuti vazotereravo, uku kuri kutsvaka tsigiro yavo.

Patakatanga, ndichayeuka kuti ndaidzokera kumba, murume wangu otanga kundirova. Izvi zvakanga zvisingaitiki kwandiri ndega, asi kune madzimai akawanda munharaunda vakazviitwavo vadzoka kubva kumisangano yeZIMSOFF kana kuzvidzidzo. Semadzimai takabatana tikati hazvaibvira kuti tirege zvakadaro zvichiitika. Taida chaizvo kuti tizvidzivirire.

Madzimai anoshanda neZIMSOFF vanhu vakasimba chaizvo uye vava nesimba rekukwanisa kutsanangurira varume vavo nevamwe vanhu, kukosha kwazvo kuti vakwanise kutaura nekuva nevamwe, kushanda, uye kuwana rukudzo. Zvava nani chaizvo mazuvano, nekuti madzimai hatichanyanyi kuwana kutsikirirwa. Ndinovimba chaizvo kuti mazuva anotevera, pachava nevarume vakawanda vanotsigira madzimai uye vanopindavo muagroecology movement. Ndinofunga vachapedzisira vonzwisisa nekubvuma kuti madzimai akakosha uye kuti danho ravanotora rinokodzera kuwana rukudzo kubva kwavari.

Basa randinoita nekukosha kwaro

Kare ndaigara ndichiti handi- “shandi.”[14] Asi nerimwe zuva, ndiri patraining nePELUM Zimbabwe, ndakavhunzwa pane zvandinoswera ndichiita zuva nezuva, pashanduro yangu ndakawana ndichitaura mabasa akawanda andinoita mumba nepamusha wose. Ndipo pandakazoona kuti zvinhu zvose zvandaiswera ndichiita zvaitova basa, chete kuti ndakakura ndichingoziva kuti basa rinoitwa pamba harizi basa chairo. Kumatrainings iwayo ePELUM Zimbabwe neeZIMSOFF ndiko kwandakatanga kuona kuti ibasa randaiita uye nekukosha kwaro.

Iye zvino ndiro rava basa rangu rekuita kuti mamwe madzimai aone kukosha kwebasa ravanoita mudzimba. Patinenge tichiita izvi zvekuti madzimai aone kukosha kwawo nekuvadzidzisa kurima nenzira dzeagroecology, tinoona kukosha kwekuronga nekushanda nemadzimai pamwechete nevarume vavo. Mukuita izvi, varume vanokwanisa kuvhurika meso pamabasa anoitwa nevakadzi mudzimba kuti atori mabasa chaiwo.

Tambofamba chaizvo zvishoma nezvishoma

Imwe yenzira dzatinoshandisa kuti tibudise pachena kodzero dzamadzimai kuenda kumadzimambo namadzishe kundovazivisa zvichemo zvedu. Tinorondedzera basa redu kwavari nekuti sei zvakakosha kuti vanhukadzi vapote vachizvironga pachavo. Tinoitavo hurukuro nevatungamiriri vechinyakare ava kuti tinoda kuti tive nekodzero yekusarudza zvatinoda kurima muminda yedu. Kazhinji madzimai ndivo vanowanzo ita basa rinorema muminda, asi murume ndiye anoona nezvekuti mombe dzingatengeswa ingani kana kuti mari yacho yoshandiswa sei.

Chikwata chevakadzi veZIMSOFF chinoda kuti vatungamiriri vemumamisha ava kana votaura nevamwe varume kubva munharaunda dzedu, vapinze nyaya idzi mudariro nekukurudzira varume kuti vatendere vakadzi vavo kuti vasarudzevo zvavanoda kuti zviitwe. Hazvisi nyore, kunyanya kudunhu randinobva, asi zvishoma nezvishoma, zviri kufamba. Varume vekuShashe iye zvino vava kukurudzira vakadzi vavo kuti vapinde, nekushanda nemapoka, uye kuendavo kumisangano.[15] Isu seZIMSOFF, tinorongavo zvekuti madzimai kubva mune rimwe dunhu aende kune rimwevo dunhu, vekudunhu iroro vaendevo kune rimwe dunhu kuitira kuti parambe pane kugovana pfungwa nemazano. Iye zvino, kuShashe kwandinobva, nhengo zhinji dzeZIMSOFF vanhukadzi, asi varume vavakungoti, “Endai, endai, endai, zvenyu” sepatinoita mafairs edu embeu nekudya.

Food sovereignty yakabatana nekuva nesimba paminda

Patakatanga ZIMSOFF, vanhu vakawanda vakanga vasina ruzivo nezve food sovereignty. Vazhinji munyika vakanga vasingatombozivi kuti zvinorevei, nekuti kazhinji taingonzwa nezvefood security. Chinotsvakwa nefood security kuona zvokudya zvakawanda mumba kana kuti mumisika, paisina nan’anidzo yekuti zvakarimwa sei kana kuti mbeu yakashandiswa ndeipi. Asi isu seZIMSOFF kana tichitaura nezvefood sovereignty tinoreva kuva muridzi wemunda, murimi achisarudza kuti odya zvipi kana kuti orima chii uye nenzira dzipi?

Kushata kwekungotarisa zvefood security, kunze kwekutarisa nezvefood sovereignty, ndezvekuti hongu vanhu vangawana zvokudya asi vagoshaya mufaro nenzira dzinenge dzashandiswa pakugadzirwa kwezvekudya zvacho.

Nyaya huru pafood sovereignty yakabatana nekuwana minda kana kuti kutonga paminda yacho. Panzvimbo yandinogara iye zvino, yakanga iri mubatanidzwa wemapurazi matanhatu aiva evarimi vechichena vatatu. Izvezvi tichitaura kudai, pava nemhuri dziri pakati pamazana matatu ane makumi mashanu (350) nemazana matatu ane makumi matanhatu (360) emhuri dzavakugara panzvimbo iyoyo nekuda kwekupihwa minda patsva kwakaitika muZimbabwe.[16] Varimi vechichena vaya vaingoshandisa minda iyi semafuro emombe dzavo dzaingova pakati pemazana matanhatu nemazana masere (600-800.)

Madzikoma nevanin’ina vedu vakaurawa munguva yehondo yorusununguko nekuti hondo iyi yaiva pamusoro pevhu. Hama dzedu, hanzvadzi dzedu, nemadzikoma nevanin’ina vedu vakafa kuti ruzhinji rweZimbabwe rwuwane minda. Kutorwa nekugohwa kweminda patsva kwandiri ndinoti raiva danho rakanaka chose tichienda mberi, chero havo vamwe vachifunga kuti zvingadai zvisina kudaro. Ini ndinoti taifanira kungodaro chete.

Ndinofarira zvose zvekunge ndiri pamunda

Unoona, kana ndakagara muhofisi, ndinotonzwa sendiri mutirongo chaimo. Kuva pamunda pangu ndichinzwa shiri dzichirira mangwanani kumafour ndinobva ndanzwa ndiri panzvimbo yangu yandinofarira chose. Ndiyo nguva yangu yekumuka nekushanda, ndichitanga nekutsvaira pachivanze. Ndisati ndazama kuita chero chimwe chinhu, ndinoenda kumatanga kundotarisa kuti hapana here anenge akabata-bata mbudzi nemombe dzangu husiku. Chero murume wangu achizoendavo kundotarisa kana amuka, ini ndinotofanira kundotarisavo.

Kana ndiri muno muhofisi yeZIMSOFF muHarare, ndinotonzwa sendakarasika. Ndinoziva kuti basa remuno muhofisi rinofanirwa kuitwa uye kuti rinoita kuti tigare takabatana nevamwe varimi tichigovana ruzivo, asi handinganyepi kuti ndinofara kana ndiri muhofisi muno. Kana ndiri muhofisi ndinonzwa sendiri hove yanyukurwa mumvura. Dai ndaiwana wi-fi kupurazi, ndaitorega zvekushanda ndiri muhofisi asi ndiri kumunda.

Ndinofarira zvinhu zvese zvekuva papurazi. Ndinotonakidzwa chero nehuruva inopfumbuka kana ndichitsvaira. Ndinofarira kuzorora ndiri mumimvuri iri pamba kana ndichikotsira zvangu kuchipisa. Ndinonzwa kugarisana nevanhu kana ndiri pamunda. Madzimai anogara pedo anouya kuzoshanya; tinotaura nekuseka, tigonwa zvinwiwa zvatinogadzira tega zvakaita semaheu.[17] Zvose izvi hazvibviri kuti ndizviwane kana ndakanyura mumvenge-mvenge yohupenyu hwemuguta.

Varimi vane ruzivo rwakawanda pakati pavo. Chiri kushaikwa kunyorwa pasi nekufambiswa kweruzivo urwu. Kana pane ruzivo rwandinoda kusiira vana vamangwana, kukosha kwevhu. Kwandiri izvi zvikukutu, nekuti hakuna imwe nzira yandinofunga kuti ndingavatsigira nayo inodarik iyi. Hongu, chikoro chakakosha, asi haisi dzidzo yose inobatsira. Zvakakosha chose kuziva chinangwa chedzidzo kuti ukwanise kuva nedzidzo inobatsira pane ramangwana rako.

Vana vamangwana vanofanira kugona kurima zvokudya zvavo nekunzwisisa zvakawanda pamusana peminda. Chii chinonzi munda? Ndezvipi zvakanakira kuva nemunda? Ko zvauri kudya zviri kubva kupi?

Iyi mivhunzo yakakosha zvikuru, nekuti vangava mukuru wenyika, chiremba, kana vana muchairi vendege, vose vanoda kudya. Ivhu hupenyu pachahwo.

  1. Yakavambwa muna2003, Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers’ Forum (ZIMSOFF) inotarisira kukurudzirwa kwehupenyu hwakarongeka hwevarimi veminda midiki vanorima vachishandisa zvinhu zvakavapoteredza munharaunda dzavo. Zvimwe zvakawanda zviri pa: http://www.africansinthediaspora.org/zimbabwe-smallholder-organic-farmers-forum/ (zvakawanikwa munaMbudzi 4, 2018).
  2. Buhera inzvimbo inowanikwa muZimbabwe, mudunhu reManicaland Province.
  3. “Headman” kana kuti Ishe mutongi ari pasi pamambo munzvimbo.
  4. Chihota inzvimbo yemaruwa iri muMashonaland East Province.
  5. Kamba yemapurisa inzvimbo inogara mapurisa emunzvimbo iyoyo. Dzimwe nguva makamba anowanikwa ane zvikoro zvawo nemaclinic zvinobatsira mapurisa vanogarapo nemhuri dzavo. Mhuri dzinogara mumakamba dzinopihwa mitemo yekucherechedza pavanenge vachigaramo.
  6. Gokomere inowanikwa muZimbabwe, 16 kilometres kubva muGuta reMasvingo, uye inozihwa nezverock art kubva makore 300 kusvika 650 AD.
  7. AZTREC ibato rine midzi mumamisha rinozama kunangana nekumutsurudza nzira dzedzidzo dzakadzisirwa pasi mazuva ekutonga kwevapambepfumi kuti dzishande pakukurudzira kuzvivaka kwevanhu.
  8. PELUM Zimbabwe inobatanidza mapoka evanhu anoshanda nenzira dzeagroecology nekuvandutswa kwenharaunda. Chidimbu chePELUM Association, dandemutande rematunhu, yakavambwa muna1995 kuti ikurudzire kushandisa ecological land use management practices muchivimbo chekuwedzera kunaka kwehupenyu hwavanhu.
  9. Mubatanidzwa wedandemutande remapato evarimi veminda midiki, ESAFF inoshanda munyika gumi neshanu dziri muEastern nemuSouthern Africa regions. Yakatanga muna2002 panguva yeWorld Summit on Sustainable Development.
  10. Imwe yemacentre akare muAfrica, Fambidzanai Permaculture Centre yakavambwa muna1988. Inowaninkwa iri pamberi pamapato anokurudzira kuwanikwa kwezvekudya zvinoringana nevanhu kuchishandiswa nzira dzinochengetedza hutano hweivhu muZimbabwe.
  11. An indigenous Zimbabwean nongovernmental organisation, Jekesa Pfungwa Vulingqondo Inoshanda nezvikwata zvemadzimai kumamisha ichikurudzira kusimudzirwa kwamadzimai mumamisha nevarombo vari mumaguta. Chero rungano rwayo rwuchibva kuna1947, bato iri rakashanduka mumakore aipfuura asi rinoramba rakananga namadzimai akatsikirirwa.
  12. Farmers’ organisations from Africa, Asia, Central America, Europe, Latin America, and North America founded La Vía Campesina as an international peasant movement in 1993.
  13. The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, inonyanya kuzihwa seMaputo Protocol, inovimbisa kodzero dzamadzimai dzakazara.
  14. “mushando” pano unoreva basa rinowana mubhadharo pakupera kwekanguva kunyanya nemari.
  15. Shashe inzvimbo iri muMasvingo Province muZimbabwe. Mhuri dzinorima dziri muShashe inhengo dzeZIMSOFF.
  16. Hurumende yeZimbabwe yakasheedzera zviri pamutemo kutanga kwekugova ivhu patsva kuvanhu zvinekukasika munaChikunguru wa2000, apo pavainanga kutora minda kubva kuvachena vairima vachiigarisa vatema kune vaitambura vavo nevamwevo vaiwana pari nani asi vaine shungu dzekurima pakati pezvizvarwa zvemuZimbabwe.
  17. Maheu kunwa kwakabva muchinyakare kunogadzirwa neupfu hwechibage, mhunga kana zviyo zvakakuyiwa netsvigiri zvakavhenganiswa. Zvinozosiwa zvichimbovira kwehusiku humwe kana huviri.