Esnati Mutembedza

Ndakatanga zvekurima muna2000. Ndava nemakore makumi mana ane mapfumbamwe (49 years) kubva mukuberekwa, uye ndiri murimi weminda midiki asingashandisi mafertilisers nemachemicals pakurima. Pandakatanga nzira iyi yaizivikanwa sekuti “permaculture” kana kuti permanent agriculture, asi yakazoshandurwa ikanzi “organic agriculture.” Iye zvino tava kuiti “agroecology.”

Zuva rangu rinenge rakazara nezviitiko zvakawanda semurimi. Kana ari mazuva ezhizha kana kuti kuchipisa, ndinomuka kuma four dzemangwanani, nekuti kunze kunokasika kuchena. Muchando ndinomuka kwave kuma five mangwanani, nekuti zuva rinononoka kubuda. Zuva rose ndinenge ndichichicha nemabasa, zvekuti ndinomira kwenguva diki panguva dzekudya, ndozozorora kana yasvika nguva yekurara.

Parizvino ndiri sachigaro weSlow Food Zimbabwe.^[1] Muna 2014 takaenda kuItaly tiri boka raiva nenhengo sere takamirira Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers' Forum [ZIMSOFF] pamusangano weSlow Food international council annual meeting.^[2] Ndiri umwe wevanhu vakavamba boka reZIMSOFF uye vavariro yangu huru mubato iri ndeye zvinhu zvinoona nenyaya dzevanhukadzi. Panhengo dzakaenda kumusangano wekuItaly, ndini ndoga ndaiva munhukadzi.

Panguva yekuzivisana mazita, ndakataura nenyaya dzekurima kwatinoita tichishandisa mifudze nezvinhu zvinowanikwa munharaunda dzedu, pakupedzisira ndakakumbirwa kuti ndiende kundotaura pamusoro pazvo kune vamwe vana vechikoro kuItaly ikoko. Vakati vaida kuti vana vavo vakure vachiziva nezvekurima kunoshandiswa mifudze nezvinhu zviri munharaunda nekuti vazivevo kukosha kwazvo. Apa ndipo pandakaona kuti chero zvavo vanhu vari kuno kuZimbabwe vachidya zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobva kunyika dzekumavirira, zvinova zvakazara machemicals, vanhu vekumavirira vacho vatova mubishi rekudzidza nekudya zvinhu zvinorimwa pasina mafertilisers nemachemicals. Tiri kurasa chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru pamagarire edu.

Kunyanya kukwidza nekudzaka

Ndakazvarwa kwaMasembura mudunhu reBindura muna1968.^[3] Iye zvino ndinogara kuGoromonzi, nzvimbo inowanikwa muMashonaland East Province, zvekuti munhu anofamba nemota hazvimutoreri awa rimwe kusvikako kana achibva pakati peGuta reHarare. Ndiri mwanasikana waEllah Zhanda, uyo anobva kwaChikwaka, maruwa anowanika panzvimbo iri pasi zvishoma pemakilometres mazana matatu (300) nechepakati pekumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kweGuta reHarare, naPhillip Mutembedza, uyo anobva kwaZvimba, nzvimbo inoti darikei makilometres zana (100) kumavirira kweHarare. Baba vangu vakashaika, asi amai vangu vachiri kurarama.

Ndichiri mudiki ndaitama-tama zvikuru. Ndakaita grade one negrade two yangu paMasembura Primary School. Vabereki vangu vakarambana pandakatanga grade two. Amai vangu vakaenda kwegore rose, panguva idzi ndakambogara nababa namainini, mudzimai wavo mutsva. Amai vakazouya vakanditora tikandogara tese kwemakore maviri ndisati ndadzokerazve kuna baba kwaMasembura. Pakaita kukwidza nekudzika kwakawanda ndichiti ndikagara nababa, ndotama ndogarazve naamai, zvinova zvinhu zvaindiomera. Ndakatomboita rimwe gore rakazara ndisingakwanisi kuenda kuchikoro nekuda kwenyaya iyi. Pandakazoenda kuhigh school, ndakanga ndongogara naamai chete.

Pandakatanga chikoro, ndaiva nyanzvi chaiyo, asi pakarambana vabereki vangu ndakatanga kudzikira. Kutama-tama kwandaiita zvikoro nekugara namainini kwaindipedza simba neshungu. Panguva dzandaizoenda kuchikoro, ndinenge ndatoneta chaizvo nekuita mabasa emumba. Mainini vakanga vasina basa kuti ndakanga ndichiri kamusikana kadiki. Vaitarisira kuti ndiite mabasa akawanda-wanda emumba akaita sekubika, kutsvaira, kuenda kutsime, nekushanda muminda. Kutozvifunga izvezvi zvinondishuwisa. Ndangariro dzeupenyu hwangu dzinorwadza, asi dziripovo dzinofadza zvikuru.

Ndiri kurota munda uya wakanga wakasvibira zvikuru

Ndine ndangariro dzakasimba zvikuru dzeivhu nekurima zvokudya. Amai vangu vaiva murimi mukuru. Ndikatsinzimwa, ndinoyeuka mazuva andakanga ndave nemakore manomwe kana kuti masere uye ndichiona amai vangu vachirima pamakandiwa.^[4] Pane rimwe gandiwa randichiri kunatsa kuyeuka, raive rakarimwa rukweza naamai. Raiva gandiwa guru raiva nezvirimwa zvakati chechetere kuenzana hurebu uye vana vembeu dzacho vakanaka. Mbeu iyi yakanga yakasvibira zvaiyevedza, uye ndaigara ndichitambira kumapeto kwegandiwa racho. Zvandaiona ipapo zvakaramba kudzimika mundangariro dzangu. Nguva dzose dzandinorima zvekudya, ndinenge ndichirota munda waamai uya, waiva negreen yaiyevedza.

Mazuva akare, vanhu vaiita nhimbe. Waiti kana uchida rubatsiro pabasa rekukohwa kana kupura zvirimwa zvako, waibika doro, wobika zvimwe zvokudya, wozokoka vavakidzani kuti vauye kuzobatsira. Iyi ndiyo inonzi nhimbe. Kana vanhu vapedza basa rinenge riripo, vanozodya zvaunenge wavabikira nekunwa doro vachifara. Pataikura taiona vanhu vachiita zvenhimbe. Mugore remunda waamai uya wekusvibira, takakoka nhimbe nekuti mumunda maiva nerukweza rwakawandisa zvekuti takanga tisingakwanisi kurwukohwa nekurwupura tiri tega. Ndinoyeukua vanhu vachicheka mbeu yacho vachizoipura nemipuro yakareba paruware.

Vanhu vakanga vachakanyanya kubatana

Panguva iyi ndipo pakadzika midzi yerudo rwangu neivhu uye nekurima zvokudya. Zvinorwadza kuti mazuvano, hatichanyanyi kuona mabasa ekushandira pamwe munharaunda dzedu. Mazuvano ukada rubatsiro rwakadaro, unotofanira kubvisa mari yekuripa vanenge vashanda basa racho, asi kushata kwazvo varimi vazhinji, kunyanya veminda midiki, havakwanisi kuwana mari yokuita izvozvo. Mazuva akare, vanhu vakanga vakabatana zvakanyanya munharaunda dzavo. Doro rakanga risiri mubhadharo, kwete; raiva nzira yekukoka nekubatanidza vanhu vachifara nekuita basa rinorema asi vachifara zvavo.

Hatichina kubatana munharaunda sezvatanga takamboita kare, nekuti ukatarisa chero ukama hwevanhu ndichiri mudiki, madzikoma nevanin’ina emurume aidaidzwa achinzi “baba” nevana vake. Vaipihwa rukudzo rwakangofanana nerwaipihwa baba vakazvara vana. Zvakanga zvakangofanana chero nekuvakadzi. Vose vaingova vanaamai.

Chero vatorwa chaivo vaingopihwa rukudzo sevabereki chaivo nevana, uye ivo vaitotoravo basa rehubereki zvakanaka kuvana ivavo. Taiva tisingabvumirwi kupfuurana nemunhu mumigwagwa tigorega kumukwazisa. Kana waiona munhu mukuru chero wausingazivi akatakura chinhu chinorema. Waitarisirwa kukumbira kuti umutakurire iwe.

Vanhu vakanga vasinga shari kuti vobetsera ani. Ndinoyeuka kuti paKisimusi chaipo hapana aitenderwa kunyima kana kudzivisa mumwe kudya. Vamwe vakanga vasina zvakawanda vaigona kumbira zvekupfeka musi weKisimusi. Izvi zvakanga zvisingatarisirwi kuhama chete, asi kuti chero vavakidzana vaigona kumbirana nekupana zvinhu. Nyaya yekupana zvinhu ndiyo yaiva pakati pekusunganidza vanhu. Ndiyo zvakare yaiita kuti vanhu vakwanisa kuita mabasa nenhimbe munharaunda huru.

Nekuda kwekukura kuri kuita chidhorobheni, vanhu vakawanda vongotarisa pane mhuri dzavo dzemudzimba nekutsvaka mari. Voshandisa nzira dzekurima dzavanoti dziri nyore sekushandisa matractors nemachemical fertilisers. Izvi zvinoreva kuti havachanyanyi kuda rubatsiro rwevanhu vemunharaunda kuti varime minda yavo. Kune avo vasingakwanisi kuwana matractors nemafertilisers, hazvifaniri kureva kupera kweukama hwavo neivhu.

Ndaifara chaizvo nezvandaiidzidza

Ndinogara naamai vangu uye ndivo muridze wenzvimbo yatinorima tiri. Tinogara tiri vaviri pano. Takagara tichingova pamusha pano, asi izvi zveorganic farming zvinhu zvakatakatotangavo muna 2001, kubva pandakadzidziswa neFambidzanai Permaculture Centre^[5] mugore ra2000. Ndisati ndadzidziswa nzira itsva iyi, taingorimavo tichishandisa mafertilisers nemachemicals. Pane boka rainzi Self Help Development Foundation rakauya kunharaunda kwedu kuzotidzidzisa nezvekuchengetedza mari. Vaka kumbira Fambidzanai senzvimbo yekutidzidzisira. Panguva yataidzidza iyi ndipo patakaona nzira dzakanaka dzekurima dzaishandiswa paFambidzanai. Takabva tataura nevatungamiriri vapaFambidzanai panya yedu yekufarira kurima kwavaiita. Vakakurudzirwa neshungu dzedu, naizvozvo vakatenda kuuya kuzotidzidzisira nzira idzi kudunhu rekwedu.

Mazuva iwayo vaishandisa yainzi “permaculture.” Takashamisika pamwe chete nekunakirwa nenzira yokurima iyi, nekuti yaiva isingadi kushandisa mari yakawanda-wanda. Semuenzaniso, ndaigona kushaiwa mari yekurima murivo wangu nekuzotenga mishonga yekuzorapa zvirwerwe zvawo, saka ndaipedzisira ndoita zvekutenga murivo wacho pane kuurima. Bindu racho rekurima raivapo, asi rakanga risingashandi kusvika ndoziva zvekurima pasina mari asi ndichingoshandisa zvinhu zvakawanda zvakandipoterera.

Vakatidzidzisa vakatipa ruzivo, kudya, pekugara, uyevo mari yekufambisa. Zvakafadza zvikuru kupihwa ruzivo rwekurodza mhindu dzakakosha dzoupenyu pasina kubhadhara. Ndainakidzwa chose nezvandaidzidza, saka nguva dzose dzandaidzidziswa zvitsva, ndaibva ndaenda kundozvizama kana ndava kumba.

Pekutanga pandaidzidza nezvepermaculture kuFambidzanai, zvakanga zvisingaiti sekuti ndaiita zvinhu zvine musoro. Ndaiti ndaive ndawana pekumbopedzera nguva, asi zvaitova zvinhu zvaibatsira uye zvakakosha zvikuru. Pane dzimwe nguva, varairidzi vedu vaigona kukaruka vasvika paminda yedu kuri kutsvaka kuti vaone kuti taitora dzidziso yavo seyakakosha here kana kuti kwete, nekutarisa kuti takanga tisingabiridziri here tichashandisa mafertilsers.

Vakazofunga zvekuti ave makwikwi, vachitarira makitchen gardens. Pamakwikwi aya, ndakakunda kuita wekutanga pavadzidzi makumi mashanu ane vasere.

Ndinovaka chinyararire mumusoro mihomba yemubindu rangu remurivo

Chinonyanya kushanda pamihomba yemirivo kukohwa mvura. Ndakashamisika pandakatanga kunzwa nenyaya yekukohwa mvura, nekuti ndainetseka kuti mvura ingakohweka sei. Ndaiziva kuti tikakohwa mbeu tinoichengetera mumatura. Saka ndainetseka kuti tikakohwa mvura yaizochengeterwa pai? Izvi zvakaita kuti ndinyatsoterera patakasvika panyaya iyoyi padzidzo yaifambiswa neve Participatory Ecological Land Use Management [PELUM] Zimbabwe.

Iye zvino ndavakuzvinzwisisa zvekuti ndikangosvika pane chero munda ndikatarisa kamwe, ndinobva ndatoziva kuti ndingagadzira sei mihomba yemirivo inoita kuti pakwanisike kukohwa mvura yakawanda zvikuru. Ndinotofamba ndichitovaka mihomba yemirivo chinyararire mumusoro wangu.

Kukohwa mvura chinhu chakanaka zvikuru nekuti mazuvano munayire wemvura wakashanduka. Mumakore anokwana kudarika gumi zvishoma akapfuura, mvura yekunaya yakatanga kushomeka kudarika zvayaimboita, uye makore ari pakati pe makumi maviri namakumi matatu akapfuura, vanhu vaisitambisa mvura, asi mazuvano tinofanira kukohwa nekuichengetedza. Pandakadzoka kumba kubva kwandaidzidza zvekurima muna2001, ndakagadzira mihomba yangu semaitire ataita tichidzidza, uye nanhasi ndakachengeta mamirire emihomba yangu kubva nguva iyoyo. Iye zvino chero vanhu vakashanya pamusha pangu, vanoyevedzwa nemavakire andakaita mihomba iyi chero mubindu musina chakarimwa nguva idzodzo.

Ndinoshandisavo nzira yekufukidzira zvirimwa kubatsira pakuchengetedza mvura. Vazhinji vanoisa uswa mukati memihomba yemirivo chete, asi ini ndinoisa uswa pesepese mubindu, chero nemunzira dziri pakati pemihomba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chero nguva dziya dzakunenge kwakaoma kuchiita mhepo nehuruva, mirivo yangu inoramba yakachena. Handidyi murivo une huruva. Uswa uhu hunoitavo kuti mvura inoyererera ichitiza mubindu iite shoma, zvekuti kana mvura ikayerera zvishoma-nezvishoma, yakawanda inonyurira muivhu, umo mainochengeterwa mirivo yangu. Nguva ichifamba, uswa huya hunozoorera, ndobva ndahugadzirisa mufudze. Naizvozvo uswa uhu hunoshanda pakawanda.

Kana ndiri mubindu rangu remurivo, ndinonzwa kusununguka nekuzorora. Ndimo muhofisi mangu uye ndinonzwa manyemwe kana ndirimo. Handitori bindu rangu senzvimbo yekurima mirivo chete. Ndinoziva kuti vanhu nedzimwe mhuka tinoda miti kuti igadzire mweya watinofema. Ndinozivazve kuti miti inoshanda pakudzora ukasha hwemhepo. Nekuda kwezvizvi, ndine miti yemichero mubindu rangu, naizvozvo kana musina mirivo, ndinenge ndine michero inoibva nenguva dzakasiyana-siyana yandinogona kudya.

Agroecology yakanaka fani

Shungu dzangu dzekurima dzinobva pekutanga, shuviro yangu yekuva nekudya kwakakwana kwangu. Kana ini ndakwana, ndinotarisira kupavo vavakidzani vangu, kana vachinge vakwana, ndotarisiravo kupa vari munharaunda yangu. Pekupedzisira ndinenge ndichishuviravo kuzopa kudya kunyika yangu yose kusvikavo kune vari kuseri kwenzowa dzenyika yangu.

Handisi kuparadza zvinhu zvakandipoteredza uye handisi kuitira vamwe zvakaipa. Munhu anoshandisa machemicals anozviparadza uye anoparadzavo zvimwe zvisikwa. Mazuva achangopfuura ayo takaita workshop kwesvondo rose yakanangana neclimate justice, inova yakandibetsera kuona zvose zvakanaka zvinobuda pabasa rangu. Ndinofarira kurima nekugovera vamwe nzira dzeorganic farming uyevo dzekurima kwakachena dzinova idzo dzaishandiswa navakuru vedu vakare dzisingadi zvemafertilisers nemachemicals anouraya ivhu.

Agroecology yakanaka chose, chero kune avo vasingawani pakakura muupenyu, seni. Handina mari yekutenga zvinhu zvakaita semadomasi, hanyanisi, nedzimwevo mirivo, asi ndakazozviona kuti izvi zvinhu zvandinokwanisa kuzvirimira ndega. Kana vanhu vachienda kuzvipatara, kunyanya vane hutachiwana hweHIV, vanokurudzirwa kudya zvinhu zvatinorima mumapindu edu nekuti zvokudya zvatinorima zvinopa utano kudarika zvinowanikwa mumasupermarkets. Vanhu vakawanda, chero avo vasina kudzidza nezveorganic farming, vakarwara nhasi vakaenda kuzvipatara, vanosvika vachikurudzirwa kuti vadye zvaidyiwa navakuru vedu pachinyakare. Vanokurudzirwa kudya michero yedu yemumasango uye kudya zvakaita semifushwa inovaka miviri.

Nzira dzeagroecology hadzisi itsva

"Agroecology" inoreva kurima uchishandisa zvinhu zvinowanikwa zvakakupoterera, uchishandisa mifudze inoora nezvimwe zvinoora (humus).^[6] Pane varimi vatowanda zvikuru vanoshandisa nzira iyi mukurima kwavo munharaunda ino. Pane chitsama chedu takadzidziswa nzira idzi neveFambidzanai, nekuti vakagamuchira vose vakaratidza kufarira kudzidza nezve agroecology.

Handingati nzira dzekurima neagroecology itsva. Nzira dzacho ndidzo dzaishandiswa navakuru vedu kare, vanhu pavaishandisa mifudze nezvimwe zvaiwanikwa munharaunda dzavo. Nzvimbo dzaigara madzitateguru edu dzakanga dzakakura kareko, nekuti vanhu vakanga vachiri vashoma, uye vaparidzi nevamwe vachena vaibva kunze vakanga vasati vatanga kuvatorera minda yavo. Vakuru vedu vaigara vachizorodza minda kana vapedza kuirima. Vakanga vasingashandisa zvinhu nemishonga zvaikuvadza ivhu asi vaingozorodza minda kuti igadzire yoga kudya kwezvirimwa.

Dambudziko rakazouya pakatanga kushandiswa kwemafertilisers nemachemicals kuivhu. Ukatarira maitire evanhu vacho vakativigira mafertilisers acho, vachena, kana vachipinda muzvitoro mune masherefu maviri ekushara zvinhu, imwe ine zvakarimwa nemafertilisers imwe yezvakarimwa nemifudze inoora, unoona vachitora zvakarimwa nemifudze yedu inoora. Zvinoratidza kuti vanoziva kuipa kwemafertilisers avo.

Handidzingiriri zvemari

Mahybrid seeds ari kuunzwa nemacompany makuru anongoda zvemari. Nembeu iyi, haukwanisi kuichengetedza sezvatinoita neyezvimwe zvirimwa. Ukatora mbeu yako kubva pane goho rehybrid seed, ukaidzvara inoramba kumera, nekuti yakagadzirwa nenzira inoita kuti ingoshanda kamwe chete kuti vanhu varambe vachitenga imwe mbeu kwavari gore negore. Dzakasiyana nedzedu dzeopen-pollinated dzatinogona kuchengeta nekudzvara zvakare kakawanda.

Zvirimwa zvatinorima zvinobatsira isu varimi vazvo. Handitsvaki zvemari, naizvozvo chandinotanga kufunga utano hwangu nekuona kuti vamwe vavakidzani vangu vawana zvokudya here. Ndakasiyana nevaya vanorima kuti vatsvake mari. Vanorima minda mikuru vanenge vakangotarisira zvekuwana mari yakawanda naizvozvo havanetseki muhana dzavo kuti vaiwana sei, saka vachipedzisira voshandisa mafertilisers nemishonga inokuvadza ivhu.

Ndinoshuvira kuti dai vamwe vanhu vawanavo twuruzivo twandinatwo panyaya dzeorganic farming, nekuti yakakosha zvikuru. Vanhu vanofanira kutsvaka hutano hwavo vasati vatanga zvekudzingirira mari, nekuti vanogona kuwana mari yacho asi vagoshaya upenyu hwekunakidzwa nemari yacho.

Tiri ivhu

Hukama hwangu neivhu hwakakura fani. Dzimba dzatinogara dzakavakwa nezvitinha zvakabva muivhu. Tinorima muvhu, uye michero yatinodya inobva muvhu. Ndikashanda ndikaneta, ndinozorora nekurara muvhu. Pandichafa ndichachengetwa muvhu. Ndinoziva kuti ivhu chinhu chatinofanira kuchengetedza zvakakosha nguva dzose.

Ndinoyeuka tichiri zvana zvidiki, ini neshamwari dzangu taigara tichitamba neivhu tichivaka dzimba nekuumba zvidhori. Hazvishamisi kuona mudzimai akazvitakura achidya ivhu remujuru. Ndinozviziva hangu kuti vanoti anenge ashaya utare muropa make, asi ndinofunga zvinoratidza kukosha kwaro ivhu. Chinhu chose chinorarama chinotoda ivhu kuti chirarame.

Ndosaka ndichiti hukama uhu hwakangoita sehuri pakati pangu naMwari, nekuti pasina chimwe handikwanisi kurarama. MuBhaibheri tinodzidziswa kuti Mwari akashandisa ivhu kusika munhu. Naizvozvo ndiri ivhu. Ndakaumbwa nevhu, ndinogara muvhu, uye kana ndafa, ndichadzokerazve kuvhu. Tinofamba pavhu, tinovaka pavhu uye tinorima muvhu. Ndinoti tiri chinhu chimwe. Tiri ivhu.

Nzira dzakawanda dzekufumisa ivhu redu

Nzira yeagroecology inoda kunyatso tarisisa painoitirwa nekushandurwa zvichienderana nezvinenge zvichidiwa. Mazuva ataidzidza neFambidzanai, takadzidziswa yainzi Kenyan style. Muna1992, gore rakaita nzara huru muZimbabwe, ndakatimba makomba aikwana one cubic metre mukati. Ndakazotora gokoko rimwe remufudze ndokuriisa mugomba riya, kwava kuchizvivhenganisa nevhu. Ndakabva ndazokavira chibage. Pfungwa yaivapo yaiva yekuti gomba nemufudze zvaizochengeta hunyoro, nokudaro, zvirimwa zvangu zvaizokura zvine hutano. Ndakademba kuti dai ndakanga ndazviita panzvimbo huru zvekuti goho rangu ringadai rakawedzera kukura. Asi panguva idzodzo ndaingozama kuona kuti zvandakanga ndadzidza zvaizobuda sei. Sezvineivo, gore iroro hakuna kunaya, saka zvatakarima mumakomba iwayo ndizvo zvoga zvatakakohwavo. Zvimvura zvishoma zvakanaya zvakachengetedzwa mumakomba aya zvikakwanisavo kuti mbeu yangu irarame. Mugomba rogaroga maiva nemadzinde mapfumbamwe echibage. Hapanazve chimwe chinhu chakabuda muminda gore iroro.

Ndinoshandisa nzira dzakawanda dzekufumisa ivhu redu. Ndinogona kutimba ivhu rapachuru ndoritakura kubva ipapo kuinda naro mumapindu edu. Ndinoita inonzi live mulching nekudzvara zvirimwa mukati mezvimwe zvirimwa, nekushandisavo crop rotation. Nzira dzose idzi dzinobatsira kufumisa ivhu nekuchengetedza zvirimwa kubva kubva muzvirwere netwupuka tunoruma zvirimwa zvacho. Ndinoshandisavo mifudze yatinounganidza. Pandinoshandisa madhokororo ehuku dzerudzi rwebroiler semufudze, ndinotanga ndamapisa panenge pakaungana mamwe marara ezvinoora kuti ndiuraye machemicals anenge ari mukudya kwehuku, nekuti ndikasadaro, masadzwa emachemicals aya anozosvika kuzvirimwa, zvinova zvisingakurudzirwi paorganic farming. Kana ndichishandisa mufudze wemombe, ndinotanga ndambomuunganidza pane mamwe marara anoora kuti mhodzi dzesora dzinenge dziri mundove yacho dzife. Ndinogadziravo mufudze wakaita mvura. Dzose idzi inzira dzekuwedzera hupfumi kuivhu redu.

Wana nguva yekudzidza nzira dzakare

Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti kana vakashaya mafertilisers havatokwanisi kurima. Ndinoda kuyambira vanhu ava kuti vaite zvatiri kuita isu. Vanofanira kutarisa shure voona kuti madzitateguru edu airima zvokudya zvavo nenzira dzipi, nekutoravo nguva vachidzidzira nzira idzi.

Ndinodavo kuti vazive kuti organic farming haisi yevarombo voga, kwete. Chero vapfumi vanokwanisa kuiita vachiwana kudya kunovaka miviri yavo. Ndinogara ndichiona vanhu vachizvirova matundundundu kana vatumirwa zvokudya kubva kuvana vavo vari kuSouth Africa, asi vasingazivi kuti zvokudya zvinogadzirwa munyika iyoyo zvinowanzwa machemicals saka hazvina hutano hwakanaka. Pane video yandinayo inoratidza huku ichibayiwa nemishonga kuti iwedzere kutaridzika sehuru kana yorengedzerwa mumaputiro. Tinobva tazomhanyira kutenga huku idzodzo tichiti dzakakura uye dzakanyoreka izvo mishonga isina kunakira miviri yedu.

Pane zvandinorima iye zvino, handina kunyanya kutsauka pane zvairimwa nevabereki vangu nevabereki vavo. Sevarimi veminda midiki munharaunda, tiri kukurudzirana kurima mbeu dzinokasika kusvika uye dzisingateti zuva zvakanyanya. Mbeu idzi hadzitori mazuva anodarika zana nemakumi maviri (120) dzisati dzasvika. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti kana mvura ikaita shoma mwaka uyoyo, tinowana chekukohwa. Miyenzaniso yembeu dzakadai ndeiyi; zviyo, mhunga, mapfunde, nzungu, nyemba, nenyimo.

Zvinotosekesa kuti chinguva chakapfuura, mbeu idzi dzechinyakare dzakanga dzotorwa sezvinhu zvisingadikwe uye zveshure, asi iye zvino vanhu vodzokera kwazviri. Madzitateguru edu airarama kwenguva refu uye vane hutano nekuda kwezvokudya izvi. Chero zvirwere zvaiva zvishoma nekuti vanhu vaidya kudya kune hutano.

Handizvipeti nekuzviviga

Ini ndinoita ndega mabasa ose anosinzi ndeevarume pamusha, nekuti amai vangu vakura. Ndakasosera ruzhowa rwebindu rangu nelive fence.^[7] Ndakarima lantana camara kutenderedza pose. Ndinopota ndichiiguririra nezimachete.^[8] Pataiva tiri vadiki, taiudzwa kuti, zvekuchera madhunduru, kutema nekuguririra ruzhowa, nekupuruna miti, aive mabasa evanhurume. Ndinoita mabasa ose onowanza kuitwa nevarume, izvi zvinova zvinotorwa zvakasiyana nevavakidzani.

Vanhu vari munharaunda mangu vanotarisira pasi vakadzi vasina varume, naizvozvo zvinonetsa kuti vanhu vakaita seni vapevo mazano mumhuri nemunharaunda. Vanhu vazhinji havatendi kuti tine zvakawanda zvatinogona kupa kunharaunda dzedu, zvinova zvisina kunaka nekuti tine zvakawanda zvatinazvo. Handimiri kuita zvandinoita nekuti vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti kusava nemurume kwangu kunodzora zvandinokwanisa kuita. Handizvipeti nekuzviviga, asi ndinobvuma kuti kamuitire kevanhu aka kanondigumbura. Ndizvo zvimwe zvinoita kuti pandinongowana mukana, sekuZIMSOFF, ndinoda kushanda nevanhukadzi kunyanya.

Chirongwa chakasina nezvimwe

Muna2002, ndakasharwa kuva umwe wevarimi veminda midiki vakaenda kuSouth Africa pane zveWorld Summit on Sustainable Development [WSSD] conference.^[9] Kuva pamusangano uyu kwangu kwakakwanisika nekuda kwetsigiro yePELUM Zimbabwe. Vakavamba ZIMSOFF vakatanga kushanda vose muna2002, patakadzoka kubva kuWSSD.^[10] Boka ravarimi vakaenda kuWSSD vakatanga variEastern and Southern Africa Farmers’ Forum Zimbabwe, kana kuti ESAFF Zimbabwe.

Patakazoenda kuTraining for Transformation,^[11] yakarongwa nePELUM Zimbabwe munaNyamavhuvhu ya2007. Takatenderana seboka kuti tinyoreswe seZIMSOFF kuti tive bato rakazvimirira rega. Pamazuva mana eworkshop, takakwanisa kunyoresa bato redu senonprofit organisation. Taiita zveworkshop kwakachena, usiku togadzirisa mapepa edu ekunyoresa bato iri.

ZIMSOFF ibato remhando yakasiyana nemamwe mapato. Varidzi nevatungamiri havasivivo vanifambisa ZIMSOFF. Inotofambiswa nevarimi veminda midiki vanobva kunharaunda dzakasiyana, kubva munyika yose vanova ndivo vakaivamba. ZIMSOFF yakakura zvine kukasika kubva muna2007. Parizvino ndiyo iri kuhosta international secretariat of La Via Campesina muno muZimbabwe.^[12] Kuwana boka guru rakadai, rine nhengo kubva pasi rose richitambirwa nekutungamirwa paZIMSOFF zvinoratidza basa guru riri kuramba richiitwa neZIMSOFF kuvarimi vadiki.

SeZIMSOFF, tinozama kuongorora nyaya dzine zvekuita namadzimai. Sevarimi vechikadzi, tinowanikwa tichigadzira zvikamu zvisere kubva mugumi pane zvokudya zvinodyiwa muno muZimbabwe. Tisuzve tinowanzo wanikwa tichitarisana nematambudziko anosimuka pamisha. Semuenzaniso, kana amai vakarwara vakapinda mumachira, mwana anobva kuchikoro anosvikobvunza amai zvokudya. Chero murume mukuru akabva kubasa anogona kutoshinga kupopota kuti hapana mvura yake yekugeza inenge yadziyiswa kubva kunaamai vakarara nekurwara. Ndidzo dzimwe dzenyaya dzatinotarisa nekutaurirana kwete semadzimai ari muZIMSOFF chete, asi chero vamwe vari munyika nekune vari kune dzimwe nyika. Semuenzaniso, tine imwe inonzi Rural Women’s Assembly [RWA],^[13] inobata dzimwe nyika pfumbamwe. ZIMSOFF inhengo yeRWA. Senhengo inoona nezve nyaya dzemadzimai muZIMSOFF, ini ndiri mumwe westeering committee yeZimbabwean chapter of RWA.

Usatarisira pasi ruzivo rwepasichigare

Chero hazvo ndakadzidza zvakawanda kubva kuchikoro chezvekurima, handitarisiri pasi ruzivo rwandakawana kubva kunzira dzaishandiswa navakuru vedu vechinyakare rwandakaunganidza muhupenyu hwangu. Semuenzaniso, unogona kushandisa hari isina kumbotsva pamoto kuita drip irrigation, nekuti hari isina kutsva kana ikazara mvura inopedzisira ichivhinza zvishoma nezvishoma sezvinoita drip irrigation.

Vanhu vanofanira kudzidza kupana ruzivo rwunokosha. Zvinorwadza kuti pane ruzivo rwakawanda rwakaenda nemadzitaguru edu kumakuva kwavo. Tinofanira kuona kuti zvisarambe zvichidayi uye tinofanira kutambidza vana vamangwana zivo yatinayo nhasi. Ndinokurudzira kuti vanhu vanyore pasi zvinhu zvavanoziva iye zvino vachiri vapenyu. Pane imwe nguva mberi ikoko, vana vamangwana pavachazotsvaka ruzivo kubva mumabhuku aya, chero hazvo vechidiki vanhasi vasingazvikoshesi izvi.

Wana nguva yekuzama zvinhu

Ndinoyambira vechidiki kuti vasamhanyira zvinhu zvavasingazivi kwazvinobva. Unoona kuti vechidiki vazhinji vanofarira kutora zvinhu zvaiitwa nevakuru vedu vakare sezvinhu zvakaipa uye zvakasaririra. Pane zvakawandavo isu sevechikuru zvatinoda kuti tidzidze kubva kune vechidiki. Zviripovo zvakawanda zvemutsika dzedu zvakanaka zvekuti vechidiki vanofanira kudzidza kubva kwatiri.

Pane zvandakadzidza kubva kune vamwe vakuru zvaitova scientific nenzira yazvo. Semuenzaniso, vakuru vedu vaishara mbeu dzavo dzemwaka waizotevera zvirimwa zvisati zvatombokohwewa. Mazuvano vanhu vanoshara mbeu dzavo patova pakutsokonyora chibage. Tainetseka kuti sei vakuru vedu vaisunga mamwe mashanga echibage pamwe chete muminda, asi pava paya takazodzidza kuti vainge vatosarudza magunje iwayo kuti vatore mbeu paari. Vaitarira dzunde rese, kwete mhodzi chete, kuti vaone raizokwanisa kupa mbeu yakanaka. Ruzivo rwakadai rwunokwanisa kungowanikwa nevechidiki kana vakatora nguva yekubvunza vakuru vavo nezvenzira dzavaishandisa.

Pandaienda kundodzidziswa zvekurima kwakasiyana-siyana, ndaizvipa nguva yekundozama zvose zvandaiudzwa nevarairidzi kuti ndizvionere. Ndinoyambiravo vechidiki kuti vatererese panguva yedzidzo, vozama kuita zvinorehwa nevarairidzi, uye kuti vanyatsonzwisisa vasati vangosvora kana kutambira zvose. Chinhu chogachoga chine zvachakanakira uyevo zvachakaipira. Unogona kungodzidza pamusoro pezvakadai ndokunge wazvipa nguva yekuti unatse kuzvinzwisisa.

Haikona kuzvinyepera

Ndinoshuvira kuti dai vanhu vakwanisa kuwana dambi rekunyatso nan’anura zvinhu zvitsva zvavange vawana kana kunzwa, votsvakisisa kunaka kwazvo nekuipa kwazvo vasati vaita chinhu pazviri. Vakawanda vanotsotsewa nemacompany makuru ezvekurima panovapihwa zvinonzi ndezvemahara. Macompany aya anovaunzira mafertilisers nemachemicals avanenge vachida kutoonavo kuti anoshanda here, vokumbira vanhu kuti vamazame muminda yavo. Kazhinji vanhu vanopedzisira vachiuraya minda yavo nazvo izvi. Izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti ndigare ndichiti vanhu vatange vafunga vasati vaita. Ndinoshuviravo zvakare kuti dai vanhu vakwanisa kubvunza mibvunzo pavanenge vasingazivi kana kuti vasina chokwadi napo.

Zvakakosha chose kwandiri, kuti munhu uite chinhu chako wega uchichiita zvomene. Kana ukamanikidzwa kuita chinhu nemumwe munhu, unogona kutozomanikidzwa kushanda, chero miviri yako isinganzwi zvakanaka. Naizvozvo unopedzisira usingapi kukwanisa kwako kose. Vanhu vanoshandira vamwe kazhinji vanongonyepedzera kushanda namazvo kana anovaforoma ari pedyo, asi kana angoenda, vanhu vanobva vatanga kukotoroka voshanda zveuzembwe-uzembwe.

Kana uchizviitira zvinhu zvako wega [sekurima], hauzvinyeperi. Unotoshanda nesimba rose nekuti zvose zvinenge zvakamirira iwe. Ndosaka ndichifarira kuzvishandira. Kana ndichida mari, ndinofanira kutorima kuti ndiiwane. Handina wandinokumbira kuti aite zvinhu zvekuti ini ndizowana kurarama naye.

1. “Slow Food ibato rine nhengo dzinobva mumamisha rakavambwa muna1989, rinoshanda kudzivirira kunyangarika kwetsika dzezvekudya nenzira dzazvo, kurwisana nehupenyu hwekungokasika pane zvose, nekudzivirira kusakendenga kwavanhu pamusoro pezvavanodya, kwazvinobva, nekuti zvavanoshara kudya zvinotorwa sei navamwe kana kuti nezvimwe zvisikwa pasi rose.” Kuwana zvimwe pane zvizvi, shanya pa: https://www.slowfood.com/about-us/ (zvakawanikwa munaMbudzi 4, 2018).
2. Yakavambwa muna2003, Zimbabwe Smallholder Organic Farmers’ Forum (ZIMSOFF) inotarisira kukurudzirwa kwehupenyu hwakarongeka hwevarimi veminda midiki vanorima vachishandisa zvinhu zvakavapoteredza munharaunda dzavo. Zvimwe zvakawanda zviri pa: http://www.africansinthediaspora.org/zimbabwe-smallholder-organic-farmers-forum/ (zvakawanikwa munaMbudzi 4, 2018).
3. Masembura inzvimbo iri mudunhu reMashonaland Central Province, panokwanisa kutora awa rimwe kana munhu ari mumotokari kubva pakati peGuta reHarare.
4. Kana munhu achirima pamakandiwa, anogadzira makandiwa ake nekudzvara asingateveri materu enzvimbo yaanenge achirima kuitira kuti mvura isamhanya ichibuda mumunda uye kuti ivhu risakukuzvwe nemvura inoyerera.
5. Imwe yemacentre akare muAfrica, Fambidzanai Permaculture Centre yakavambwa muna1988. Inowaninkwa iri pamberi pamapato anokurudzira kuwanikwa kwezvekudya zvinoringana nevanhu kuchishandiswa nzira dzinochengetedza hutano hweivhu muZimbabwe.
6. Humus. Uyu mufudze unowanikwa wakavhengana neivhu panoora chinhu chese kubva pane zvinhu zvezvirimwa kana kuti zvine nyama.
7. Live fence ruzhowa rwunogadzirwa nekudvara miti kana zvimakwenzi kunyanya zvinobaya. Inozihwavo sekuti green fence kana kuti hedge
8. Lantana camara — inozihwavo sebig-sage, wild-sage, red-sage, white-sage, tick berry, and West Indian lantana — is a species of flowering plant within the verbena family, Verbenaceae, inobva kumaAmerican tropics.
9. Muna2002 Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development yakaunza pamwe chete makumi ezvuru dzenhengo, dzaisanganisira vakuru vedzinyika, makurukukota edzinyika, nevamwe vakuru kubva kumapato asiri ehurumende, vamabhizimusi, nevamwe vatungamiriri vakasiyana-siyana kuti vatarisise kwakanangwa nepasi rose nekuti vanangise zviitwa zvekurwisana nematambudziko, anosanganisira kuwedzera kubudirira kwehupenyu hwavanhu nekuchengetedza hufumi huri muzvisikwa zvatakapihwa nenyika.
10. WSSD ndiyo nzvimbo yakazvarwaZIMSOFF.
11. “The Training for Transformation diploma course kudzidza kwakadzama nekuongorora pfungwa huru dzaPaulo Freire. Dzidzo iyi inoratidza kushandisika kwepfungwa idzi kubatsira basa remapato mumanharaunda avanoshanda navo.” The Grail Centre — a South African nonprofit organisation — inofambisa dzidzo iyi. Kuwana zvimwe pamusoro pezvizvi: http://www.trainingfortransformation.co.za/ (zvakawanikwa munaMbudzi 4, 2018).
12. Mibatanidzwa emapato eVarimi vemuAfrica, Asia, Central America, Europe, Latin America,  neNorth America vakavamba La Vía Campesina mugore ra1993 sesungano yevarimi veminda midiki yepasi rose. La Via Campesina ndiyo yaka tumidza mashoko ekuti “food sovereignty.”
13. RWA mubatanidzwa wakazvimirira wenhengo dzamadzimai, mapoka emumaruwa, mapato anoumbwa kubva kunhengo dzemumaruwa, nemamwe mapazi akaita saiwayo enyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzinowanikwa mudunhu reSADC (dzinosanganisira Angola, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, uyevo Zimbabwe).” Kuti uwane zvimwe zvakawanda pamusoro pezvizvi, shanyira dandemutande pakero inotevera: https://landportal.org/organization/rural-women%E2%80%99s-assembly-southern-africa (zvakawanikwa munaMbudzi 4, 2018).